Abstract：
:In the United States, some 80,000 commercial and industrial chemicals are now in use of which over 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes region. Thus, the environmental quality within the Great Lakes basin has been compromised particularly with respect to persistent toxic substances (PTS). Information derived from wildlife studies, prospective epidemiological and toxicological studies, databases, demographics, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) demonstrate significant public health implications. Studies of human populations indicate: (a) elevated body burden levels of PTSs, (b) decrease in gestational age, (c) low birth weight (LBW), (d) greater risk of male children with birth defects (OR = 3.01), (e) developmental and neurological deficits, (f) increased risk of infertility, (g) changes in sex ratio, and (h) fluctuations in thyroid hormones. These findings have been identified in vulnerable populations, such as the developing fetus, children, minorities, and men and women of reproductive age who are more susceptible because of their physiologic sensitivity and/or elevated exposure to toxic chemicals. Typically such health effects are assessed on a chemical specific basis; however, most human populations are exposed to hazardous chemicals as mixtures in air, water, soil, and biota. In this article we present an assessment of the potential for joint toxic action of these substances in combinations in which they are typically found. These evaluations represent an integration of all available scientific evidence in accordance with the "NAS paradigm" for risk assessment. In aggregate, our evaluations have demonstrated a need for community-based frameworks and computational techniques to track patterns of environmentally related exposures and associated health effects.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
De Rosa CT,Hicks HE,Ashizawa AE,Pohl HR,Mumtaz MMdoi
10.1196/annals.1371.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
829-38eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
1076/1/829journal_volume
1076pub_type
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