Abstract：
:The incredible success of vaccinations in contributing to public health is undeniable. In fact, vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tool for disease prevention because their cost is less than the combined costs of treatment, hospitalization, and time loss from work. However, despite the availability of vaccines, cost per dose is a factor limiting the success of global vaccination campaigns, as are the limitations imposed by the need of delivering multiple vaccine doses. A number of approaches are being tested particularly for the delivery of subunit vaccines, and in recent years, a number of groups have devoted their efforts to develop nano/microparticles prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers as vaccine delivery systems with the goal of inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. Some important properties of biodegradable polymers are their documented safety history, biocompatibility, and an ability to provide controlled time/rate of antigen release and polymer degradation. The most extensively studied polymer used for encapsulating vaccine antigens is poly (lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA). This chapter deals in brief with efforts targeting the use of PLGA micro-and nanoparticles for the delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Bharali DJ,Mousa SA,Thanavala Ydoi
10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_44subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
415-21eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
601pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Leukodystrophies are genetically determined disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. The combination of MRI pattern recognition and next-generation sequencing for the definition of novel disease entities has recently demonstrated that many leukodystrophies are due to the primary involvement ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oral microbiota represents an important part of the human microbiota, and includes several hundred to several thousand diverse species. It is a normal part of the oral cavity and has an important function to protect against colonization of extrinsic bacteria which could affect systemic health. On the other hand, t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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doi：10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_4
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abstract：:The traditional method for documenting and quantifying geographic atrophy (GA) is color photography. This method has been shown to be reproducible in several clinical trials, including the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and the natural progression of GA studies by Sunness et al. (AREDS No. 6, Am J Ophthalmol 13...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_45
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single compartment model of the arterial circulation was used to generate an arterial blood pressure waveform from pre-determined stroke volume (SV) and arterial resistance (R). With fixed stroke volume and varying resistances blood pressure waveforms showed mean values proportional to resistance but amplitude lesse...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-74911-2_13
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) in homeostasis and in disease manifestations is poorly understood. In the present chapter, we review how NAbs may interfere with the cytokine network and how NAbs, through formation of complement-activating immune complexes with soluble self-antigens, may promote t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_9
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hypoxic rabbits, different levels of Pco2 before and after carotid chemodenervation were applied in order to get information about the acid-base status and the position of the O2-Hb dissociation curve (ODC). A CO2-induced change in pH caused a smaller change in the half-saturation pressure (P50) than was to be expe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-1188-1_10
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abstract：:Direct measurements of local oxygen pressure by means of a platinum multiwire electrode were performed to investigate the effect of five different portacaval shunt procedures on hepatic oxygen content in the cirrhotic rat liver. End-to-side shunt, side-to-side shunt, mesenterico caval shunt, splenocaval shunt, and por...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8890-6_87
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abstract：:Serologic and structural comparisons of the rabbit IgA-g allotypes revealed that 1) the IgA-g allotypes have multiple allotypic determinant sites, 2) the g74, g76 and g77 allotypic specificities have several allotypic determinants in common whereas g75 molecules do not appear to have allotypic determinants in common w...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3369-2_58
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a catabolic process in eukaryotic cells that delivers cytoplasmic components and organelles to the lysosomes for digestion. It is thought that various environmental signaling pathways are somehow integrated with autophagy signaling, such as the lack of nutrients (amino acids or glucose or others), changes...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_13
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the previous chapter we were able to automatically process text by recognizing a limited set of entities. This chapter will introduce the world of semantics, and present step-by-step examples to retrieve and enhance text and data processing by using semantics. The goal is to equip the reader with the basic set of s...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-13845-5_5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal dominant Stargardt3 Macular Dystrophy (STGD3) results from mutations in the ELOVL4 gene. ELOVL4 protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it mediates the rate-limiting condensation reaction during very long-chain (VLC, ≥ C28) fatty acid biosynthesis. The defective gene product is truncated ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_57
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common gastrointestinal complication after antimicrobial treatment. It is estimated that CDI after pneumonia treatment is connected with a higher mortality than other causes of hospitalization. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the kind...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2016_166
更新日期：2016-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological effector cells and molecules have been shown to access intracranial tumor sites despite the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) or immunosuppressive mechanisms associated with brain tumors. Recent progress in T-cell biology and tumor immunology made possible to develop strategies of tumor-associated a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3146-6_16
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related impairment of central functions is though to result from alterations of neurochemical indices of synaptic function. These neurochemical modifications involve structural proteins, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and related receptors. Several studies demonstrated that GABA receptors, glutamic acid decarbox...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_20
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_14
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjective loudness measurements are used to create equal-loudness contours and auditory weighting functions for human noise-mitigation criteria; however, comparable direct measurements of subjective loudness with animal subjects are difficult to conduct. In this study, simple reaction time to pure tones was measured ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_33
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of patients with movement disorders provides insight into both the functional organization and the neural substrates of the perceptual-motor system. By and large, we feel this source of information has been underutilized within the basic science of motor control. To begin to address this shortcoming, this ch...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-77064-2_19
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on the role of cerebral blood volume in the intracranial hemodynamics that may influence the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Cerebral blood flow is elevated in acute hypoxia exposure in humans, but the response in this setting of cerebral blood volume is unknown. After discussing ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-8997-0_11
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac arrhythmias are common diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. A broad and diverse array of arrhythmias exists, ranging from harmless ones such as sinus arrhythmia to fatal disorders such as ventricular fibrillation. The underlying pathophysiology of arrhythmogenesis is complex and still not fully und...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_18
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertilization of urodele amphibians is physiologically polyspermic. These amphibians lack sperm entry blocking mechanisms at the egg surface, such as a cortical reaction or a membrane depolarization. Although, egg jelly is necessary for sperm capacitation, a late block to sperm entry does occur about 30 min after fert...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-2255-9_13
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to determine the degree of mechanochemical coupling in actomyosin in vitro motility assays, it is desirable to measure the sliding velocity and the associated ATP turnover simultaneously at the single filament level. Actin sliding over tracks of immobilised heavy meromyosin (HMM) has been initiated by flash p...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-6039-1_3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the major connexin protein in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Six Cx43 proteins assemble into so-called hemichannels at the sarcolemma and opposing hemichannels form gap junctions, which allow the passage of small molecules and electrical current flow between adjacent cells. Apart from its localizati...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_12
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uveitis is a chronic disease with relapsing and remitting ocular attack, which requires corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppression to prevent severe vision loss. Classically, uveitis is referred to an autoimmune disease, mediated by pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cel...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_11
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disulfide-containing proteins offer unique advantages for mechanistic studies of the formation of native three-dimensional structure from unordered, reduced precursors. The main advantage is that covalent intermediates are formed; by characterizing these intermediates, one obtains substantial information about the rea...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3282-4_3
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:213 paired tcpO2/paO2-data and 186 paired tcSO2/SaO2-data measured in 25 newborns (10 term, 15 prematures) were compared. The correlation coefficient for tcpO2/paO2 was 0.796, for tcSO2/SaO2 0.944. Sensitivity for discriminating between normo- and hypoxemia (paO2 less than 50 torr) was 82% for the tcpO2- and 88% for t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-1927-6_30
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inbred mice are routinely used as genetic models in lung biology. Among many phenotypic differences in lung function and structure, C3H/HeJ (C3) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice also demonstrate a significantly different ventilatory pattern during acute hypoxic challenge. The present study rejects the hypothesis that a g...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-306-46825-5_8
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although pericytes have long been known for their roles in blood vessel regulation, it was not until a decade ago that their tissue regeneration potential began to be considered, after studies showed that pericytes were the in vivo counterparts of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). The prospective isolation and cu...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_6
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amphotropic retroviral vectors containing either the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene or a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR*) were used to infect canine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Successful transfer and expression of both genes in canine hematopoietic progenitor cells has been achieved as meas...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5571-7_3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is the leading cause of microalbuminuria and end-stage renal failure in industrial countries. Disruption of the filtration barrier, seen in almost all nephrotic diseases and diabetes, is the result of the loss or effacement of the podocyte foot process, notably damage of proteins within the slit diaphragm suc...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2017_62
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have shown that the renal tubular epithelium adapts to alterations in the sulfur amino acid composition of the diet. The renal adaptive response has been described in man, mouse, rat, dog, and pig. The observed phenomenon involves increased or decreased initial rate activity of the NaCl-dependent taurine trans...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_33
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
