Abstract：
:Dependence to benzodiazepines is difficult to induce in animals but has been induced by high doses in man. Case reports of benzodiazepine dependence are rare compared with the usage of these drugs, but provide no proper epidemiological framework for the estimation of risk. Patients taking these drugs for four months or more may develop symptoms on withdrawal, characterized by anxiety, dysphoria, malaise, depersonalization, and by perceptual changes such as hyperacusis and unsteadiness. In our first study we compared four patients withdrawing from high doses of benzodiazepines with six patients withdrawing from therapeutic doses. In all patients the typical withdrawal syndrome was noted and was equal in intensity in both groups. In the second study, long-term, normal-dose benzodiazepine treatment was discontinued in 24 patients believed to be dependent on their medication. The withdrawal was gradual, placebo-controlled and double-blind. All experienced some form of withdrawal reaction, which ranged from anxiety and dysphoria to moderate affective and perceptual changes. Symptom ratings rose as the drugs were discontinued, but usually subsided to pre-withdrawal levels over the next two to four weeks. Electroencephalograhic (EEG) changes comprised marked reduction in fast-wave activity as the drugs were withdrawn, and an improvement in psychological performance was noted. It is concluded that a risk of dependencies present in all patients taking benzodiazepines even in therapeutic doses for more than a few months. Caution is urged in the prescribing of these drugs.
journal_name
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatryauthors
Lader Mdoi
10.1016/0278-5846(84)90139-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
85-95issue
1eissn
0278-5846issn
1878-4216journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:1. Isolation-reared rats display fear-like behavior and depressive-like behavior in several behavioral tasks, suggesting that isolation rearing may model certain aspects of human psychopathologies. 2. After weaning (20 days old), male and female Wistar rats were isolation-reared during 20, 50 or 70 days. After that, t...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00168-3
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The UN Convention 1971 on Psychotic substances requires the World Health Organization to recommend psychotropic substances for international control. 2. This convention is based on evaluating the benefit and risk ratio, in particular on the public health and social problems associated with its use. 3. The UN Commis...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(92)90003-w
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of candidate gene studies focused on major depression (MD) and antidepressant (AD) efficacy have been carried out, but results mainly remain inconclusive. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of published candidate gene studies focused on AD efficacy in MD to evaluate the cumulative evidence. A random-e...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.05.011
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Birth months have been shown to affect susceptibility to schizophrenia and other mental disorders, thus this factor could also affect predisposition to delinquency through biological effects on brain development and personality and/or through relative age effects at school. This study aimed to examine the re...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The aims of this study were to identify gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume abnormalities in pediatric obsessive-compulsive patients, to examine their relationship between these abnormalities and the severity of disorder, and to explore whether they could be explained by the different symptom dimen...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.06.009
更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impaired mismatch negativity (MMN) is a robust finding in schizophrenia and, more recently, similar impairments have been reported in other psychotic- and affective-disorders (including at early stages of illness). Although cross-sectional studies have been numerous, there are few longitudinal studies that h...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.002
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among drugs that act on serotonergic neurotransmission, selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now the gold standard for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The precise mechanisms of the anxiolytic actions of SSRIs are unclear. We reviewed the literature related to the effects of SSRIs and the neur...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.09.002
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The great interest for new drugs having cognition enhancing properties is highlighted, particularly for the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer type. 2. A short survey is given of the pharmacological models currently used to mimic cognitive impairment. 3. A systematic survey is given of the major cognition enhancing...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(89)90111-5
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic abusers of alcohol and other drugs often exhibit persistent deficits on neuropsychological tests. These deficits are usually attributed to drug-induced brain dysfunction or to familial factors that depress performance independent of drug abuse. The aim of this study was to determine the plausibility of a third...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(99)00086-x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cadherin-13 (CDH13), a member of the calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule family, has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders, but also to depression. In the adult brain, CDH13 expression is restricted e.g. to the pr...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.010
更新日期：2019-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Evidence suggests catecholamines and indoleamines may play a role in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. These neurotransmitters (i.e. dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) are synthesized within the human brain from their precursors, the aromatic large neutral amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(95)00106-6
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with schizophrenia using antipsychotics often develop metabolic side effects, especially with clozapine. Previous studies indicated that antipsychotics could activate the pathway of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). The sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (S...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.015
更新日期：2015-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In people with schizophrenia, cognitive abilities - including memory - are strongly associated with functional outcome. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a form of neuroplasticity that is believed to be the physiological basis for memory. It has been postulated that antipsychotic medication can impair long-term potentia...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.001
更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Power spectral analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) R-R intervals is useful for the detection of autonomic dysfunction in various clinical disorders. Although both panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are known to have effects on the cardiac autonomic nervous system, no previous study has tested this...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.002
更新日期：2009-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that small doses of ethanol ( journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry pub_type： 杂志文章 doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.04.024 更新日期：2006-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous pharmacological treatments for mood disorders are currently available; however, rates of treatment resistance, relapse and recurrence remain high. Therefore, novel treatments acting outside of the conventionally targeted monoamine system are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. Emerging and converging...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110032
更新日期：2021-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers have made considerable progress in elucidating psychological and exercise correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, as the largest immune organ, far less is known about the role of gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the therapeutic mechanisms of exercise in MDD. In addition to the sites of the di...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109971
更新日期：2020-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect exerted by two beta-endorphin fragments (DTgammaE and DEgammaE) was investigated on the acute opioid dependence induced by mu, kappa and delta receptor agonists in vitro. After a 4-min in vitro exposure to morphine (less selective mu agonist), DAGO (highly selective mu agonist), U50-488H (highly selective k...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00274-3
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate (i) the association between four serotonergic polymorphisms (A-1438G and T102C of the 5-HT2A receptor gene, and 5-HTT VNTR and 5-HTTLPR of the 5-HT transporter gene) and schizophrenia and (ii) the potential interaction of those polymorphisms in the development of schizophrenia. SUBJECTS AND ME...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.01.012
更新日期：2007-04-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Preliminary evidence revealed a decrease of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and basal ganglia contralateral to the deficit and suggested that hysterical conversion deficits might entail a functional disorder in striatothalamocortical circuits. However, there is no systematic structural magnetic resonance ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.011
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major de...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006
更新日期：2013-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The complexity of the human brain emerges from a long and finely tuned developmental process orchestrated by the crosstalk between genome and environment. Vis à vis other species, the human brain displays unique functional and morphological features that result from this extensive developmental process that is, unsurp...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.013
更新日期：2018-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the potent and selective dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitor nepicastat would have minimal effects on cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic parameters associated with cocaine administration and would reduce the positive subjective effects produced by cocaine. We cond...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.009
更新日期：2015-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that protein synthesis and immunological factors play a role in the development of tolerance and dependence to opiates. Interferon (IFN) is known to influence protein synthesis and the immune system. Our and other data suggest that IFN may be an agent that prevents the development of tolerance an...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gender differences in various clinical features of schizophrenia have been noted and estrogen has been regarded to play important roles. A few previous studies on the association between estrogen receptor (ER) genotypes and schizophrenia focused mainly on ER α gene but failed to report consistent results. The present ...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.09.012
更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the overall effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive quetiapine as a continuation therapy for the long-term treatment of bipolar mania. Twenty-three patients were enrolled in this study and received quetiapine add-on treatment in combination with their existing or new mood stabilizers. The cli...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.04.024
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The authors attempted to detect a possible effect of treatment with phenelzine on a physiological response to nicotine in the rat. 2. Positive findings in an animal model suggest the feasibility of more complicated experiments in animals and the possibility of studies involving human subjects. 3. Treatment of Sprag...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(93)90065-z
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The patient population consisting of fifteen patients was divided into three groups, namely: diazepam group, phenobarbital group and placebo group. After three weeks the medicated groups were switched to placebo for a week and the placebo group was given phenobarbital. 2. The parameters to be assessed once a week c...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0278-5846(82)80175-9
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The underlying mechanisms of autism and schizophrenia are poorly understood, partly due to a lack of dimension-specific research. Aberrant excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission are implicated in both conditions, particularly in social dysfunction. This study investigates the extent to which the degree of autisti...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.024
更新日期：2019-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of hippocampal neurogenesis declines with aging. This is partly explained by decreased neural responsiveness to various cues stimulating metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a pivotal enzyme regulating energy homeostasis in response to metabolic demands, showed the diminished sensitivity in periph...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.011
更新日期：2016-11-03 00:00:00
