Abstract:
:ABSTRACT Selected isolates of Cladosporium tenuissimum were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro aeciospore germination of the two-needle pine stem rusts Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini and to suppress disease development in planta. The antagonistic fungus displayed a number of disease-suppressive mechanisms. Aeciospore germination on water agar slides was reduced at 12, 18, and 24 h when a conidial suspension (1.5 x 10(7) conidia per ml) of the Cladosporium tenuissimum isolates was added. When the aeciospores were incubated in same-strength conidial suspensions for 1, 11, 21, and 31 days, viability was reduced at 20 and 4 degrees C. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that rust spores were directly parasitized by Cladosporium tenuissimum and that the antagonist had evolved several strategies to breach the spore wall and gain access to the underlying tissues. Penetration occurred with or without appressoria. The hyperparasite exerted a mechanical force to destroy the spore structures (spinules, cell wall) by direct contact, penetrated the aeciospores and subsequently proliferated within them. However, an enzymatic action could also be involved. This was shown by the dissolution of the host cell wall that comes in contact with the mycelium of the mycoparasite, by the lack of indentation in the host wall at the contact site, and by the minimal swelling at the infecting hyphal tip. Culture filtrates of the hyperparasite inhibited germination of rust propagules. A compound purified from the filtrates was characterized by chemical and spectroscopic analysis as cladosporol, a known beta-1,3-glucan biosynthesis inhibitor. Conidia of Cladosporium tenuissimum reduced rust development on new infected pine seedlings over 2 years under greenhouse conditions. Because the fungus is an aggressive mycoparasite, produces fungicidal metabolites, and can survive and multiply in forest ecosystems without rusts, it seems a promising agent for the biological control of pine stem rusts in Europe.
journal_name
Phytopathologyjournal_title
Phytopathologyauthors
Moricca S,Ragazzi A,Mitchelson KR,Assante Gdoi
10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.5.457subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
457-68issue
5eissn
0031-949Xissn
1943-7684journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PHYTOPATHOLOGY文献大全abstract::Yellows diseases, caused by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Phytoplasma, are a major threat to grapevines worldwide. Because conventional applications against this pathogen are inefficient and disease management is highly challenging, the use of beneficial bacteria has been suggested as a biocontrol solution. A ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-06-17-0199-R
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes that shows great potential as a biocontrol agent. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructure, morphology, and sporogenesis of four isolates of P. penetrans. The effects of different Meloidogyne spp. and...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.3.273
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant inc...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-100-2-0160
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus, cause interveinal chlorosis, leaf brittleness, and limited necrotic flecking or bronzing on tomato leaves. Both viruses cause a decline in plant vigor and reduce fruit yield, and are emerging as serio...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-98-12-1340
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before 1991, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe) was the causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato in Florida but was quickly replaced by Xanthomonas perforans (Xp). The Xp population has changed in genotype and phenotype despite lack of a clear selection pressure. To determine the current Xanthomonas population in Florida,...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-09-20-0402-R
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Kiwifruit bleeding sap samples, collected in Italian and Chilean orchards from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker. The saps were sampled during the spring in both hemispheres, before the bud sprouting, during...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-08-17-0278-R
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A weather-based disease prediction model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit (known worldwide as Psa; Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3) was developed using a new mechanistic scheme for bacterial disease forecasters, the multiplication and dispersal concept. Bacterial multiplication is estimated from a temper...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-04-16-0166-R
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xylella fastidiosa infects a wide range of plant hosts and causes Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines. The type 1 multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux system is essential for pathogenicity and survival of bacterial pathogens in planta. X. fastidiosa, with a single MDR system, is significantly more vulnerable to inhibitio...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-07-18-0244-FI
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pythium species are important soilborne pathogens occurring in the forest nursery industry of the Pacific Northwest. However, little is known about their genetic diversity or population structure and it is suspected that isolates are moved among forest nurseries on seedling stock and shared field equipment. In order t...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-05-14-0147-R
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The colonization of individual flowers in mature pear orchards by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 applied at different times during bloom was measured to determine the receptivity of flowers to colonization and the extent of intra-tree movement over time. Strain A506 populations in flowers open at inocula...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.6.727
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty strains of Fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native Gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. Only one lineage A strain, 2613, successfully com...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0296
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are economically important pathogens of a wide range of crops. The tomato resistance gene Mi typically confers resistance to the three major species, M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. arenaria. However, virulent populations completely overcoming the Mi resistance s...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.4.377
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus cause ear rots of maize and contaminate the grain with mycotoxins (fumonisin or aflatoxin). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between resistance to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and fumonisin and aflatoxin con...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-97-3-0311
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Ten wild-type strains and two benomyl-resistant mutants of Talaromyces flavus were examined for their ability to secrete the cell wall-degrading enzymes chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase, to parasitize sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, to reduce bean stem rot caused by S. rolfsii, and to secrete ant...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.10.1054
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt on a wide range of plant hosts. Most strains of R. solanacearum are nonpathogenic below 20°C; however, Race 3 Biovar 2 (R3B2) strains are classified as quarantine pathogens because of their ability to infect crops, cause disease, and survive in temperate climates. We have i...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-05-11-0145
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum have been shown to cause bacterial wilt in some, but not all, ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate here that after inoculation of the leaves of resistant ecotype S96 with R. solanacearum strain Ps95 necrosis around the inoculation site rapidly appeared and no furt...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.8.673
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of Venturia inaequalis were collected in 1990 and 1991 from orchards in New York, Michigan, and Nova Scotia that had never or only sporadically been treated with fungicides acting as sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Sensitivities of isolates to two representative DMIs (fenarimol a...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.2.184
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase in the incidence of gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to the consumption of foods of plant origin has ignited public concern and scientific interest in understanding interactions of human enteric pathogens with plants. Enteric disease caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major public health burden, with ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-11-12-0295-RVW
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on infection processes and gene expression were done to determine differential responses of cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum resistant and susceptible to infection by races of Phytophthora clandestina. In the infection process study, one race was inoculated onto the roots of T. subterraneum cvs. Woogenellup...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-100-6-0551
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, was analyzed spatially in a mixed potato and tomato production area in the Del Fuerte Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico. Isolates of P. infestans were characterized by mating type, allozyme analysis at the glucose-6-phosphat...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.12.1156
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is the causal agent of bacterial pustule disease of soybeans. A transposon insertional mutant (KU-P-M670) of X. axonopodis pv. glycines derived from wild-type strain KU-P-34017 lost the ability to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on tobacco and pepper but retained it...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-96-1230
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The use of host diversity as a tool for management of potato late blight has not been viewed as promising in the past. But the increasing importance of late blight internationally has brought new consideration to all potential management tools. We studied the effect of host diversity on epidemics of potato la...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.12.1307
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The recent development of molecular-based probes such as mono- and polyclonal antibodies, cloned phytoplasma DNA fragments, and phytoplasma-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed for advances in detection and identification of uncultured phytoplasmas (formerly called mycoplasma-like ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1359
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT During gel (gum) formation in angiosperm trees, fibrillar material accumulated in protective layers of xylem parenchyma cells before being secreted across half-bordered pit membranes into vessel elements. Immunogold labeling demonstrated that this fibrillar material was mainly composed of partially esterified...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.6.494
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Crown rust (Puccinia coronata) in indigenous populations of Avena sterilis has been cited as an example of stability of wild pathosystems that consist of natural mixtures of resistance and virulence. This study confirmed that virulence/avirulence polymorphisms in P. coronata on A. sterilis in Israel are highl...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.5.505
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phytopathogen Phytophthora cactorum infects economically important herbaceous and woody plant species. P. cactorum isolates differ in host specificity; for example, strawberry crown rot is often caused by a specialized pathotype. Here we compared the transcriptomes of two P. cactorum isolates that differ in their ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-04-18-0136-R
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus worldwide. The causal agent of HLB in Florida is thought to be 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. In this work, we examined the responses of 30 different genotypes of citrus to Florida isolates of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' under controlle...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1346
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Genetic resistance often fails because a resistance-breaking (RB) pathogen genotype increases in frequency. On the basis of an analysis of cellular plant pathogens, it was recently proposed that the evolutionary potential of a pathogen is a major determinant of the durability of resistance. We test this hypot...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.941
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Black dot of potato, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, is a disease of growing economic importance, but the degree of genetic diversity and pathogenic differentiation among isolates is unknown. Using nitrate auxotrophic (Nit) mutants, we characterized vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) diversity for C. co...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.8.827
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The prevalence of brown stem rot (caused by Phialophora gregata), Heterodera glycines, and Phytophthora sojae in the north central United States was investigated during the fall of 1995 and 1996. Soybean fields were randomly selected using an area-frame sampling design in collaboration with the National Agric...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.3.204
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00