Abstract:
:ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of Venturia inaequalis were collected in 1990 and 1991 from orchards in New York, Michigan, and Nova Scotia that had never or only sporadically been treated with fungicides acting as sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Sensitivities of isolates to two representative DMIs (fenarimol and myclobutanil) were determined by a sensitivity test based on the relative growth (RG) of mycelial colonies at one discriminatory dose. Mean isolate sensitivities were not significantly different (P > 0.2) for the majority of the populations tested, and all sensitivity data obtained from these sites were combined to provide a baseline distribution of isolate sensitivities for both fenarimol and myclobutanil. The baseline distributions were compared with isolate sensitivities determined for an experimental orchard in Nova Scotia with a documented case of DMI resistance and for a commercial orchard in Michigan with a long history of DMI use and first evidence of practical DMI resistance. For both DMIs tested and in both treated orchards, frequencies of isolates with RG values <80 had decreased or only slightly increased compared to the baseline population. In contrast, frequencies of isolates with RG values >80 had increased more than 20-fold over baseline levels. Thus, isolates with RG values >80 were rated DMI resistant. The validity of a qualitative isolate classification was tested in controlled infection studies. At doses of fenarimol and myclobutanil recommended for commercial control of apple scab, reproduction of a typical sensitive isolate on treated apple leaves was suppressed completely. Lesions caused by a resistant isolate continued to expand and produced abundant conidia. Statistical analysis of orchard sensitivities revealed that the analysis of isolate counts grouped into the categories DMI sensitive or resistant was most indicative in comparisons of orchard sensitivities aimed at detection of practical DMI resistance. A high degree of cross-resistance between fenarimol and myclobutanil indicated that sensitivity tests with one of the DMIs employed as the diagnostic tool in this study can serve as a test for other DMIs.
journal_name
Phytopathologyjournal_title
Phytopathologyauthors
Köller W,Wilcox WF,Barnard J,Jones AL,Braun PGdoi
10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.2.184subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-01 00:00:00pages
184-90issue
2eissn
0031-949Xissn
1943-7684journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PHYTOPATHOLOGY文献大全abstract::Chlorotic streak is a global disease of commercial sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). The disease is transmitted by wet soil, water, as well as in diseased planting material. Although first recognized almost 90 years ago and despite significant research effort, the identity of the causal agent has been elusive. Metag...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-07-17-0237-R
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generating effective and stable strategies for resistance breeding requires an understanding of the genetics of host-pathogen interactions and the implications for pathogen dynamics and evolution. Setosphaeria turcica causes northern leaf blight (NLB), an important disease of maize for which major resistance genes hav...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-01-17-0021-R
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heikezijing, a japonica rice landrace from the Taihu region of China, exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to more than 300 isolates of the blast pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae). In our previous research, we fine mapped a broad-spectrum resistance gene, Pi-hk1, in chromosome 11. In this research, 2010-9(G1), one of the p...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-03-16-0151-R
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Two biocontrol agents, a yeast (Pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (Bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves. The aims of the research were to determine whether the use of their combination would broaden the environmental conditions und...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.7.621
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The comovirus Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is widespread in the soybean-growing regions in the United States. It has a bipartite genome consisting of RNA1 and RNA2, which are encapsidated separately. We previously have reported the occurrence in nature of two distinct subgroups of BPMV strains (subgroups I an...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-97-0079
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of the Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s, is one of the most destructive crop pathogens that threaten global food security. Host resistance (R) genes may help to control the disease, but recognition by through the gene products can be evaded by newly emerging isolates. Such isol...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-05-20-0208-FI
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the transmission biology of insect-borne plant viruses is important to develop disease control practices. We characterized the transmission of a nanovirus, Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), by its aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with respect to temperature, vector life s...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-98-6-0743
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Plasmopara viticola populations collected from three islands in the Ionian Sea-an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Greece-were analyzed with microsatellite molecular markers in order to investigate the pathogen population structure. Downy mildew populations from mainland regions previously studied ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-96-0501
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chorismate mutase (CM) is a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. There are two classes of CMs, AroQ and AroH, and several pathogenic bacteria have been reported to possess a subgroup of CMs designated AroQ(gamma). These CMs are usually exported to the peri...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-100-3-0262
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of four plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, isolated in a previous study, to induce systemic resistance on Arabidopsis thaliana Col 0 against biotic and abiotic stress was evaluated. All the bacteria enhanced protection against the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and increased plant tolerance...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-98-6-0666
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) are cucurbit-infecting bipartite begomoviruses. Both viruses are found in the eastern Mediterranean basin but the effects of dual infection of both viruses on melon (Cucumis melo L.) have not been described. 'Arava' melon plants were inoculated...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-06-10-0159
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Comparison of a sampling of complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences from the Florida citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates T3 and T30 to the sequence of the genome of the Israeli isolate VT showed a relatively consistent or symmetrical distribution of nucleotide sequence identity in both the 5' and 3' regions of th...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.4.336
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Apple fruit tissues infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea were examined by transmission electron microscopy using susceptible cv. Fuji and resistant cv. Jonathan. Immature (green) and mature (red) fruits of cv. Fuji with restricted or expanding lesions were also examined to reveal subcellular characteristics ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.2.165
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytophthora species are destructive fungus-like plant pathogens that use asexual single-celled flagellate zoospores for dispersal and plant infection. Many of the zoospore behaviors are density-dependent although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use P. nicotianae as a model and demonstrate au...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0632
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) exists as a complex of strains classified by reactions to resistance genes found in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); seven BCMV pathotypes have been distinguished thus far, numbered I to VII. Virus genetic determinants involved in pathogenicity interactions with resistance genes have n...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-08-13-0243-R
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic effects on controlling resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Eriksson)were determined in two wheat crosses, Bakhtawar-92 (B-92) x Frontana and Inqilab-91 x Fakhre Sarhad using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) as a measure of stripe rust resistance. The resistant and suscep...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-99-11-1265
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT We developed a rapid and miniaturized bioassay for screening large numbers of rhizosphere microorganisms for their ability to induce systemic resistance to bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae. In this bioassay, Pantoea agglomerans strain E278Ar controlled symptoms of ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.4.327
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Downy mildew of grape caused by Plasmopara viticola is a global pathogen of economic importance to commercial viticulture. In contrast to populations in the northern hemisphere, few studies have investigated the population biology, genetic diversity, and origin of the pathogen in Australian production systems. DNA was...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-04-19-0146-R
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT One of the major concerns with Fusarium head blight (FHB) of barley is the potential health risks to livestock and humans through the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. To define the role of the host in DON accumulation during the early stages of disease development, we cond...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.7.766
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT A series of samples were taken from mulched and unmulched trees starting at the surface of mulch or soil to a 15 cm soil depth, forming a vertical transect. Saprophytic fungi isolated from the soil samples on rose bengal medium and surveyed visually were most abundant in mulches and at the interface of mulch ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.9.847
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Genetic variation within a worldwide collection of 208 isolates of Fu-sarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, representing physiological races 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), was analyzed using modified DNA amplification fingerprinting. Also characterized were 133 isolates ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1283
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fig mosaic occurs worldwide and is the most common and important viral disease of fig. In the quest to identify the causal agent of the disease, several new viruses have been identified, including a new DNA virus, the subject of this communication. Phylogenetic analysis placed the virus, provisionally named Fig badnav...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-12-11-0351
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manner in which deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) accumulation progresses in wheat grain infected with Fusarium graminearum and the influence of the time of infection on the accumulation of toxins were investigated. Four cultivars were tested in a greenhouse environment, where the plants were spray inoculat...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-100-8-0763
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Fifty-one isolates representing the four Botrytis spp. associated with onion neck rot were clustered by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based on universal-primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) fingerprints. Bootstrap analysis of the consensus phenogram clearly demonstrated five strong cl...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.6.527
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT A new foliar disease on coffee leaves was observed in Mindanao, Philippines, in 1996. The symptoms appeared as large circular or irregularly shaped necrotic areas with small circular necrotic spots (1 mm or less in diameter) usually found around the periphery of the large necrotic areas. Rhizoctonia solani wa...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.11.1054
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is one of the most common foliar diseases of barley in the upper midwest region of the United States. To examine the genetics of host-specific virulence in C. sativus, a cross was made between isolate ND90Pr (which exhibits high virulence on barley genotype Bowman ...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.11.1140
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the detection of the huanglongbing (HLB)-associated bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' from both plants and insects in Pakistan and the seasonal variability in the numbers of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-positive psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri. Our studies showed that 'Ca. L. asiaticus' was detectable fro...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-08-13-0224-R
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Temperature is a critical factor in plant disease development. As part of a research program to determine how specific environmental variables affect soybean rust, we determined temperature effects on urediniospore germination and germ tube growth of four isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, one each from Brazi...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-97-8-0997
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Boerhavia erecta plants in and around agricultural fields in the Azua Valley of the southeastern Dominican Republic often show striking golden mosaic symptoms. Leaf samples from B. erecta plants showing these symptoms were collected in 2012 and 2013, and PCR tests with degenerate primers revealed begomovirus DNA-A and...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-02-19-0061-R
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an extensively studied RNA virus known to infect tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and other solanaceous crops. TMV has been classified as a seedborne virus in tobacco, with infection of developing seedlings thought to occur from contact with the TMV-infected seed coat. The mechanism of TMV tra...
journal_title:Phytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1094/PHYTO-06-19-0201-FI
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00