Abstract：
:A mailed questionnaire was used to obtain comparative risk judgments for 32 different hazards from a random sample of 296 individuals living in central New Jersey. The results demonstrate that an optimistic bias about susceptibility to harm--a tendency to claim that one is less at risk than one's peers--is not limited to any particular age, sex, educational, or occupational group. It was found that an optimistic bias is often introduced when people extrapolate from their past experience to estimate their future vulnerability. Thus, the hazards most likely to elicit unrealistic optimism are those associated with the belief (often incorrect) that if the problem has not yet appeared, it is unlikely to occur in the future. Optimistic biases also increase with the perceived preventability of a hazard and decrease with perceived frequency and personal experience. Other data presented illustrate the inconsistent relationships between personal risk judgments and objective risk factors.
journal_name
J Behav Medjournal_title
Journal of behavioral medicineauthors
Weinstein NDdoi
10.1007/BF00846146subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-10-01 00:00:00pages
481-500issue
5eissn
0160-7715issn
1573-3521journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Perceptions of the physical and social environment have been shown to be predictive of physical activity (PA) behavior. However, the mechanisms of this association have not been examined. Affective response to PA was examined as a putative mediator of the association between perceptions of the PA environment and subse...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-019-00118-0
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factors related to initiation and discontinuation of hormonal therapy (HT) for treatment of menopausal symptoms were examined in a community sample of 533 peri/postmenopausal women aged 45-54 by telephone three times. Over 40 variables including: sociodemographic characteristics, clinical reasons to start HT use, HT c...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-005-2721-2
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive-behavioral models of chronic pain emphasize the importance of situation specific as well as more general cognitive variables as mediators of emotional and behavioral reactions to nociceptive sensations and physical impairment. The relationship of situation-specific pain-related self-statements, convictions o...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00844431
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several models of tinnitus maintenance emphasize the importance of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological processes. These factors contribute to distress in patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms. We investigated whether tinnitus patients show increased physiological levels of arousal, more intense stress...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-007-9145-0
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identifying momentary influences on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) will help explain ABP variability; however, most research only examines aggregate ABP at the between-person level. This study used within-person methods to examine whether affective dimensions-valence and arousal-differentially predicted momentary ABP...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-016-9746-6
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral control of abnormal breathing in sleep was studied to determine if an intervention procedure could reduce apnea duration and also SaO2 (blood oxygen) desaturation levels. Sleep apnea patients (n = 11) were instructed while awake that tones would be presented in sleep whenever an apnea event occurred. They w...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00844907
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motivated by previous reports of relaxation successes with hemophiliacs, we sought to isolate the value of relaxation strategies. The effects of progressive and self-control relaxation on spontaneous bleeding and collateral symptoms were tested with seven hemophiliacs in a combined multiple-baseline partial-crossover ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00845518
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CableQuit was a 6-week, community cable television smoking cessation program, with 13 30-min "live" sessions, each followed by a 30-min "live" telephone call-in support segment. Telecasts were hosted by a public health educator with postdoctoral training in smoking cessation. Five smokers from Austin, Texas, were sele...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01857680
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social insecurity is a psychological orientation that has been found to be associated significantly with both coronary atherosclerosis and psychological distress. Although sympathetic arousal has been assumed to be a cause of coronary atherosclerosis and an effect of psychological distress, neither of the prior studie...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00844646
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological and behavioral mediators link Type D personality with a poor prognosis in heart disease. However, the mediator role of cognitive biases is still unknown. This study tested whether Type D individuals exhibit an interpretative bias for ambiguous social situations. For this aim we examined Type D and non-Type ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-011-9351-7
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adherence to HIV treatment, including adherence to antiretroviral (ART) medication regimens, is paramount in the management of HIV. Self-efficacy for treatment adherence has been identified as an important correlate of medication adherence in the treatment of HIV and other medical conditions. This paper describes the ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-007-9118-3
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a diverse sample of 452 adult diabetes patients, we investigated: (1) personal model dimensions for diabetes and expanded upon the literature by indexing fatalism, (2) the relationship between contextual factors and patients' beliefs about the seriousness and controllability of diabetes, and (3) the unique contribu...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-006-9049-4
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the psychometric structure of a measure of positive and negative spouse responses to individuals with cancer, the Partner Responses to Cancer Inventory (PRCI). The forty-eight items were either developed by the authors or adapted from the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors. Seven a priori s...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010667517519
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its efficacy, screening mammography is not widely utilized due to various factors. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has previously been used as one conceptualization of relevant patient attitudes. No psychometrically validated measure of these variables has previously been utilized, however, nor have prospective ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01858010
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The moderating effects of motivational factors (illness prevention vs. emotional reassurance), regulatory focus (health vs. illness orientations), and cancer anxiety on the relationship between risk perceptions and women's interest in predictive genetic testing for breast cancer were studied among 102 women with no hi...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-005-9017-4
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weeks and months after birth are vital not only for infant health but also for the health and well-being of women and families as a whole. The first 12 weeks postpartum, also known as the 4th trimester, is part of a continuum of pregnancy to recovery and family adjustment. In the United States, this transitional p...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-018-9961-4
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To overcome self-control difficulties, people can commit to their health goals by voluntarily accepting deadlines with consequences. In a commitment lottery, the winners are drawn from all participants, but can only claim their prize if they also attained their gym-attendance goals. In a 52-week, three-arm trial acros...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10865-018-9915-x
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the quality of life (QoL) of HIV-infected patients with and without hepatitis C and examined the sociodemographic, HIV-related and psychological symptoms associated with the QoL domains in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection. The sample consisted of 248 HIV/HCV co-infected patients (18-74 years, 81....
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-016-9778-y
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the efficacy of three approaches to increasing breast self-exam frequency in college-aged women. Program components included (1) an educational format which provided information on breast cancer and breast self-examinations, (2) a demonstration format where examinations were demonstrated and pract...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00846475
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive, methodologically informed review of studies of the effectiveness of hypnosis for reducing procedure-related pain in children and adolescents is provided. To be included in the review, studies were required to use a between-subjects or mixed model design in which hypnosis was compared with a control co...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10865-009-9207-6
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human studies of the link between serum cholesterol and aggression have yielded equivocal results. Depending on the type of aggression studied (e.g., criminal violence or Type A hostility), investigators have found either a negative or a positive association between cholesterol and aggressive behavior. We conducted a ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01857703
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Racism is a stressor that contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in mental and physical health and to variations in these outcomes within racial and ethnic minority groups. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss key issues in the study of individual-level strategies for coping with interpersonal racism. We...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10865-008-9193-0
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To determine whether MBSR groups would help gay men living with HIV improve psychosocial functioning and increase mindfulness compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). METHODS:117 participants were randomized 2:1 to MBSR or TAU. No new psychosocial or psychopharmacological interventions were initiated within 2 ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10865-011-9350-8
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the effect of clinical depression on pain self-management practices. We employed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Stepped Care for Affective disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain (SCAMP) study. Participants included 250 patients with pain and comorbid depressi...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10865-008-9156-5
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A meta-analysis of 15 studies was conducted to investigate the relationship between trait anger and ambulatory blood pressure. Overall, the experience of anger was significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure (r+ = 0.049), but not reliably associated with diastolic blood pressure (r+ = 0.028). ...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1025767900757
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The self-management behaviors of individuals with medical conditions that have an unknown etiology have not been studied. This study assesses the relationship between illness perceptions and various illness self-management behaviors in patients undergoing clinical genomic sequencing to identify a genetic cause for the...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-015-9698-2
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to identify potential sources of estrangement and feeling psychologically flawed as perceived by temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS) patients. It is our hypothesis that a primary source of patients' perceived stigma results from pejorative labeling by clinicians. The da...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00844736
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Racial discrimination is associated with alcohol use and risky sex cognitions and behaviors, which are risk factors for negative health outcomes, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. The current study investigated the causal impact of racial discrimination on alcohol and sexual-risk cognitions while explo...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-016-9793-z
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to ascertain whether self-control predicts heart rate, heart rate variability, and the cortisol slope, and to determine whether health behaviors and affect patterns mediate these relationships. A sample of 198 adults completed the Self-Control Scale (Tangney in J Pers 72:271-322, 2004), and reported t...
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10865-012-9470-9
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on questionnaire responses from 206 college women, relationships were found between the Type A and Speed and Impatience factors from the Jenkins Activity Survey and various indicators of illness. Those scoring high on these factors reported considerably more physical symptoms, in general, than those scoring low....
journal_title：Journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00845273
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
