Abstract:
:Raised blood pressure is the strongest single risk factor for stroke in the general population. Diabetics are at increased risk of both hypertension and stroke. It is not clear if diabetes mellitus confers an excess risk of stroke that is independent of blood pressure. The authors examined the relation of diabetic status (personal history of diabetes and/or fasting plasma glucose greater than 7.8 mmol per liter) to stroke risk in a population-based cohort of 3,778 adults aged 50-79 years in Rancho Bernardo, California who were followed from 1972 for an average of 12 years. There were 232 stroke cases, 139 of which were ascertained from death certificates. Diabetics had higher mean systolic blood pressures, significantly so in females, and diabetics of both sexes were significantly more obese. Diabetics had greater univariate age-adjusted stroke mortality and morbidity rates than nondiabetics. The increased stroke rates were still apparent in diabetics after stratifying for systolic blood pressure. In multivariate analyses, the relative risks (RRs) for stroke mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes were not significantly changed in men (RR = 1.8) and women (RR = 2.2), after adjusting for the effect of risk factors including age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, obesity, and smoking habits, and excluding persons with personal history of heart attack, heart failure, or stroke. These findings support the hypothesis that diabetes may confer excess risk of stroke independent of blood pressure.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Barrett-Connor E,Khaw KTdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114934subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
116-23issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
128pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. To further clarify whether there is a genetic link between benign and malignant breast lesions, the authors identified 14,648 first-degree female relatives of 8,807 patients in whom breast cancer was diagnosed at <50 years of age by using Danish...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn133
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined claims-based approaches for identifying a study population free of coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from 8,937 US blacks and whites enrolled during 2003-2007 in a prospective cohort study linked to Medicare claims. Our goal was to minimize the percentage of persons at study entry with self-reported ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv116
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 1994-1998 cross-sectional study of a multiethnic sample of 2,211 men and women in San Diego, California, the authors estimated prevalence of the major manifestations of chronic venous disease: spider veins, varicose veins, trophic changes, and edema by visual inspection; superficial and deep functional disease (r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg166
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the associations of observed neighborhood (block face) and housing conditions with the incidence of diabetes by using data from 644 subjects in the African-American Health Study (St. Louis area, Missouri). They also investigated five mediating pathways (health behavior, psychosocial, health status...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm190
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen-year mortality data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine the relative importance of social ties as predictors of survival at different ages, ranging from 38-94 years at baseline. Previous analyses of Alameda County data by Berkman and Syme (Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:186-204) have shown that such t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114711
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the relationship of smoking to breast cancer risk, the authors conducted a case-control study involving 1,547 patients and 1,930 controls identified between 1973 and 1980 through a nationwide screening program. There was no evidence that smoking affected risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.2), nor were there a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114281
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a population-based case-control study carried out in Adelaide, South Australia, during the years 1984-1987, the diets of 104 cases of cancer of the pancreas 1 year prior to diagnosis were compared with the diets of 253 community controls. A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116069
更新日期:1991-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn250
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to reconcile 3 approaches to calculating population attributable fractions and attributable burden percentage: the approach of Bruzzi et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122(5):904-914.), the maximum-likelihood method of Greenland and Drescher (Biometrics. 1993;49(3):865-872.), and the multivariable...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx200
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2005, California law allowed over-the-counter (OTC) syringe sales pending local authorization. Although pharmacy sales of OTC syringes are associated with reduced injection-mediated risks and decreases in human immunodeficiency virus infection rates, little is known about the factors associated with syringe purc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr492
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalent biologic specimens can be used to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using a two-stage immunologic testing algorithm that hinges on the average time, T, between testing HIV-positive on highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays and testing HIV-positive on less sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Comm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj344
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure later in life has been inversely associated with birth weight. However, concerns have been raised about whether this association merely reflects common environmental risk factors for both fetal growth restriction and high blood pressure or whether there is a genetic tendency to give birth to small babie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.8.779
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::No large national studies of ethnic differences in blood pressure among children accounting for body size differences have been published, to the authors' knowledge. This report details the similarities and differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between Black children and White children in the United St...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010129
更新日期:2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Personnel assigned to infantry units of the army of the Republic of China (Taiwan) stationed in the Pescadores Islands experienced the highest incidence rate of scrub typhus (4%) and the highest rate of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection (12%) of the units studied during 1976. The ratio of scrub typhus to infection wi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112448
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammographic percent density, the proportion of fibroglandular tissue in the breast, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but its determinants in young women are unknown. We examined associations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) breast-tissue composition at age 21 years with prospectively collected measuremen...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx358
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between breast feeding and the risk of severe cholera was examined in a case-control study of rural Bangladeshi children under 36 months of age who were studied in 1985-1986 during a field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines. A total of 116 cases who were treated for severe cholera were compared with...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115515
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess whether recent coffee consumption is related to the incidence of large bowel cancer, the authors analyzed data from a multipurpose hospital-based case-control study of several cancers, conducted from 1978 to 1986 in Boston, Massachusetts, New York, New York, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore, Marylan...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115422
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1963, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), formerly the Cholera Research Laboratory, has maintained a field station in Matlab to treat patients from a surveillance population of 240,000 who have cholera and other diarrheal diseases. Since 1966, the authors have analyzed...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113498
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study uses 44 consecutive months of data from the Health Care Financing Administration to assess seasonal trends in hip fracture incidence among the United States white population aged 65 years and older. The authors studied a total of 621,387 cases of hip fracture which occurred from January 1984 to September 19...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115819
更新日期:1991-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Leisure-time physical activity enhances health and functioning in older populations. However, few data are available on the correlation between self-reported leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly. Treadmill exercise testing results were obtained for 1,006 members (median age 67 ye...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009382
更新日期:1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common worldwide perinatal infection. Although usually asymptomatic, it may cause deafness in up to 15% of these infants. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the age-specific prevalence of CMV seropositivity in Chinese children and to determine if any risk factors for infectio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115467
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study determined the distributions of uncorrected visual acuity and of refractive error in representative groups of Australian Aborigines and Australians of European origin aged 20-30 years. The methodology used in this study and its verification are described in detail. As a group, the Aborigines have significan...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113067
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured in 4170 nondiabetic adult residents of a suburban California community. At all ages the median FPG in men was higher (103-107 mg/dl) than the median FPG in women (96-104 mg/dl). FPG levels correlated weakly with obesity, and male-female differences persisted after adjustme...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113021
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived discrimination may contribute to somatic disease. The association between perceived discrimination and breast cancer incidence was assessed in the Black Women's Health Study. In 1997, participants completed questions on perceived discrimination in two domains: "everyday" discrimination (e.g., being treated a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm056
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality studies have indicated that workers in agriculture and forestry may be at increased risk of leukemia. Findings are reported from a New Zealand Cancer Registry-based case-control study involving 546 male leukemia patients registered during 1979-1983 and aged 20 years or more at time of registration. Controls ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114410
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Religion and spirituality are important social determinants that drive public health practice. The field of epidemiology has played a vital role in answering long-standing questions about whether religion is causally associated with health and mortality. As epidemiologists spark new conversations (e.g., see Kawachi (A...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa022
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among men of Japanese ancestry, there is a gradient in the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is lowest in Japan, intermediate in Hawaii, and highest in California. This gradient appears not to be completely explained by differences in dietary intake, serum cholesterol, blood pressure or smoking. To test t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112296
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt073
更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Algorithms are regularly used to identify persons living with diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWDH) in Medicaid data. To our knowledge, there are no published reports of an HIV algorithm from Medicaid claims codes that have been compared with an HIV surveillance system to assess its sensitivity, specifi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz225
更新日期:2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of the association of serum selenium with the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among 2,062 US men and women 40 years of age or older participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004. Serum selenium was measured by using inductively ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn414
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00