Abstract：
:The onset of human disease by infection with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has revealed risk factors for disease severity. There are four identified factors that puts one at high-risk for infection and/or mortality creating a disparity: age, comorbidities, race/ethnicity, and gender. Data indicate that the older a person is, and/or the presence of obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease place one at higher risk for COVID-19. In the United States, specific race/ethnicities, particularly African Americans and Native Americans, are strong COVID-19 risk components. Male gender has also emerged as a severity risk factor. For age and racial/ethnicities, the accumulation of health comorbidities are common precipitating mechanisms. In particular, underlying socioeconomic structures in the United States likely drive development of comorbidities, putting affected populations at higher risk for severe COVID-19. Sudden cardiac death triggered by a common sodium channel variant in African Americans with COVID-19 has not been evaluated as a cause for racial disparity. There is no evidence that racial/ethnic differences for COVID-19 are caused by ABO blood groups, use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or from amino acid substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. There is growing evidence that androgen-enabled expression of ACE2 receptors and the serine protease TMPRSS2, two permissive elements engaging the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for infection, may contribute to severe COVID-19 in men. Overall, COVID-19 has generated disparities for who is infected and the severity of that infection. Understanding the mechanisms for the disparity will help nullify the differences in risk for COVID-19.
journal_name
J Intern Medjournal_title
Journal of internal medicineauthors
Carethers JMdoi
10.1111/joim.13199subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-08 00:00:00eissn
0954-6820issn
1365-2796pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hypertriglyceridaemia, as defined by fasting triglyceride levels of greater than 2.8 mmol l-1, is a prevalent dyslipoproteinaemia in our population. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that result in elevations of plasma triglycerides are heterogeneous and, in most cases, incompletely understood. However, in ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb01256.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate if an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene associates with HLA-DR alleles previously found to be of prognostic interest in Scandinavian sarcoidosis patients. This may contribute to characteristics associated with these HLA-DR alleles, such as a ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00946.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effect of prednisolone on severe hypercalcaemia in women with metastatic breast cancer, 30 patients with serum ionized calcium above 1.60 mmol l-1 (reference range 1.15-1.35 mmol l-1) entered a randomized trial. Performance status before entry to the trial and survival time after hypercalcaemia were a...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00578.x
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The gastrointestinal system plays a major role in normal glucose metabolism, and in healthy individuals, postprandial insulin secretion is largely mediated by the gut incretin hormones. This potentiation is termed the incretin effect and is r...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12388
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The clinical features of 80 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) were revised in order to evaluate the descriptive and analytical facilities of a newly proposed model for classification of the exocrine and nonexocrine disease manifestations in PSS. DESIGN:Retrospective, long-term (median 7.5 years...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.418817000.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that asymptomatic visual field defects can be found in patients with carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) or minor strokes was tested. Twenty-two consecutive male patients with TIA and 18 patients with minor strokes from the carotid artery territory were examined by perimetry, cerebral computerised...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00389.x
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apart from being an acute phase reactant, fibrinogen appears to play an important although not widely recognized role in athero-/thrombogenesis. Arteriosclerotic diseases are associated with elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen. Strategies that lower the cardiovascular risk also lower fibrinogen levels. Virtually all ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00174.x
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a rheumatic disease that is characterized by intense activation of systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation has been associated with an imbalance between endothelial injury and repair, defined by an increased number of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and a re...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02510.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes, associations with cardiovascular risk factors and the achievement of current treatment goals. DESIGN:A community-based, cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING:Hypertension and diabetes outpatient clinics in primary health care, Skara, Sweden. ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00286.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Biomarkers have emerged as interesting predictors of risk in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (non-ST ACS). The aim of this study was to define the utility of the combined measurement of troponin T (TnT), C-reactive protein (CRP), NT pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP) and D-dimer as biomar...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01871.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The socio-economic impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias is enormous, and the potential economic challenges ahead are clear given the projected future numbers of individuals with these conditions. Because of the high prevalence and cost of dementia, it is very important to assess any intervention from...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12167
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To establish a population-based 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) reference material with day/night mean BP calculated by standardized and true bedtimes. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study of 200 randomly selected subjects (20 men and 20 women in each 10-year age interval 20-70 years) in Linköping, Sweden. ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.322856000.x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to determine the relative importance of efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA), vasopressin (ADH) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the short-term neurohumoral response to moderate changes in low-pressure cardiopulmonary receptor activity. The low-pressure receptors were stimul...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00323.x
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthopaedic implants are highly susceptible to infection. The aims of treatment of infection associated with internal fixation devices are fracture consolidation and prevention of chronic osteomyelitis. Complete biofilm eradication is not the primary goal, as remaining adherent microorganisms can be removed with the d...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12233
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that low presenting systolic blood pressure (SBP) predicted cardioembolic stroke aetiology. DESIGN:Active and passive surveillance were used to identify all ischaemic strokes as part of the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) population-based study. Multinomial logistic regres...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02022.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a zoonotic disease that causes severe haemorrhagic fever, with high fatality rates of up to 90% in humans. Today, there is no effective treatment available. Person-to-person transmission occurs through exposure to blood or body fluids, which can threaten other household members and first-l...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12386
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of consistently replicated associations between genetic markers and complex disease risk, including cancers. Alone, these markers have limited utility in risk prediction; however, when several of these markers are used in combination, the predictive performance...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02522.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The impact of season when determining a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) cut-off level for optimal bone health is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relative importance of S-25OHD for bone mineral density (BMD) by season. METHODS:A subcohort of 5002 Swedish women (mean age 68 years), randomly selecte...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12563
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although biofilms have been observed early in the history of microbial research, their impact has only recently been fully recognized. Biofilm infections, which contribute to up to 80% of human microbial infections, are associated with common human disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and poor dental hygiene, but also...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/joim.12782
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-six consecutive patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) from northern Sweden were studied regarding the occurrence and features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In more than 50% of the patients the rose bengal dye test showed conjunctival and/or corneal staining. In six patients keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00470.x
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The bb genotype of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is more common in primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) than in the general population in Swedish and German women. However, little is known about the association of HPT with the start codon polymorphism of the VDR (defined by FokI). OBJ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00593.x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular filling pattern was assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography at rest and during handgrip exercise in 33 healthy middle-aged subjects. The peak mitral flow-velocities during the early rapid filling phase (E) and during late (atrial) filling (A) were measured and the ratio of these peak flow-velociti...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01388.x
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We aimed to characterize the clinical experiences of patients in whom heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicated heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and who switched to argatroban. DESIGN:A retrospective analysis of previously reported prospective, multicentre, historical-controlled Arg...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01573.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of delay in emergency department (ED) on outcome of critically ill patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU). Outcome was defined as hospital mortality and as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months after intensive care assessed by the 15D measure. The 15D is ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01716.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective study, the clinicopathological effect of prednisolone was evaluated in six patients with collagenous colitis. Prednisolone was associated with a significant decrease in stool frequency. However, the effect was transitory, since the diarrhoea recurred when prednisolone treatment was discontinued. There...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00372.x
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokine production is necessary to protect against pathogens and promote tissue repair, but excessive cytokine release can lead to systemic inflammation, organ failure and death. Inflammatory responses are finely regulated to effectively guard from noxious stimuli. The central nervous system interacts dynamically wit...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02098.x
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and risk of stroke amongst women remains unclear. In 1991-1992, a prospective study was initiated in Sweden amongst women who returned a self-administered questionnaire. Through linkage with nation-wide registries, 45,449 women, free of stroke at entry, wer...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01706.x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prions represent a group of proteins with a unique capacity to fold into different conformations. One isoform is rich in beta-pleated sheets and can aggregate into amyloid that may be pathogenic. This abnormal form propagates itself by imposing its confirmation on the homologous normal host cell protein. Pathogenic pr...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02387.x
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the feasibility and efficacy of a multifactorial intervention programme directed towards hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, and diabetes mellitus in treated hypertensive patients after more than 3 years' follow-up and to describe the incidence of cardiovascular complications. DESIGN:Open, randomized,...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00858.x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to determine whether an association between diet and platelet function, plasma fibrinogen level and factor VII coagulant activity (VII:C) could be established in young subjects. DESIGN:Data on the habitual diet of the subjects were collected either by a questionnaire on food h...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb00888.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
