Abstract：
:Agonist interactions with release processes do not validate autoreceptor operation. Instead, the data suggests that autoreceptors function as homoreceptors. Declining efficacy of agonist inhibition of transmitter release with increasing stimulation "intensity" is not assignable to competition with endogenous transmitter for a finite population of receptors. Heteroreceptor activation also reveals a pattern of declining efficacy with increasing intensity. Inhibition of stimulation-induced release by agonists also does not correlate inversely with that of antagonist effectiveness, as it should if both effects are linked to biophase levels of transmitter. Further, per pulse release of transmitter, in the absence of drugs, does not comply with expectations for autoinhibition. Experiments with tetrodotoxin, and study of the magnitudes of agonist and antagonist effects suggest that in the periphery putative autoreceptors may actually be homoreceptors, e.g., sympathetic nerve terminal receptors responsive to circulating catecholamines. In the central nervous system the paracrine secretion of transmitter may invoke homoreceptor activation rather than autoreceptors. Such activation may include, for example, the release of adrenaline from one set of fibers in the hypothalamus to act on dopaminergic or noradrenergic fibers or the release of noradrenaline from the terminals of some noradrenergic fibers in the cortex to activate alpha2 receptors on other cortical noradrenergic fibers, the latter with a somewhat different function in the same brain region. The action of antagonist drugs to enhance transmitter release may be direct on nerve membranes in particular on sodium channels, and often unrelated to feedback regulation. This possibility is discussed by me elsewhere in this volume. It is shown that yohimbine and a low concentration of veratridine have similar and nonadditive effects on transmitter release.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Kalsner Sdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb31980.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
23-39eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
604pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Cholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer's disease according to the principle of cholinergic replacement therapy have proved to be less beneficial than expected. The present study was designed to investigate the cerebrovascular response to physostigmine and tacrine in the experimental model of lesioning of th...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06391.x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carnitine and its congeners may regulate the immune networks, and their influence on functions of immune cells predominantly or exclusively relies on carnitine-dependent energy production from fatty acids. A reduced pool of carnitines has been demonstrated in either serum or tissues, or both, from patients with a wide...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1320.012
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesize that stimulation of Na+-K+-Cl+ cotransporter (NKCC1) causes Na+ overload that may lead to reversal of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) and ischemic neuronal damage. NCX1 protein expression and Ca2+ influx via reversal of NCX were decreased by approximately 70% in NCX1+/- neurons. Compared to NCX1+/+ ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1387.016
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood-borne beta-amyloids (A beta s) could affect brain function by (1) crossing the BBB to directly interact with brain tissues or (2) altering BBB function by interacting with the brain capillaries that make up the BBB. Several radioactively labeled A beta s have been examined for such interactions. Blood-borne A be...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48470.x
更新日期：1997-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now generally accepted that it is not possible to design iron(III)-selective hexadentate chelators with high oral bioavailability. In order to achieve suitable levels of oral activity for the treatment of systemic iron overload either tridentate or bidentate molecules need to be investigated. There are a number ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1345.017
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proto-oncogene c-myc is involved in multiple cell pathways with opposite effects on cell outcome of death or proliferation. It has been proposed that these different roles depend on the sequestration of c-Myc protein in cellular compartments and/or its phosphorylation. We speculated that subcellular localization o...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1397.021
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We isolated a eugenol-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens E118. This strain produced a novel enzyme, eugenol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of eugenol into coniferyl alcohol. The enzyme was purified from the eugenol-induced cells of P. fluorescens E118. The purified enzyme appeared to be homoge...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10290.x
更新日期：1998-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatty acid (FA) compositions of liver and skeletal muscle structural lipids, overall phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine, and triglycerides (TG) were determined in the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rat, a nonobese animal model of the insulin resistance syndrome. Four groups of HTG rats and four groups of...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51860.x
更新日期：1997-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is a common and often fatal event, and, in survivors, it is accompanied by a high risk of recurrence. Ischemic stroke is associated with abnormal platelet activity and thrombus formation. In addition to their roles in the development of acute thrombi, platelets serve as a bridge for leukocytes within the vascul...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05733.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coccidioides causes coccidioidomycosis in the southwestern United States. Its clinical manifestations range from the primary asymptomatic to progressive pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. Because of endemicity, frequent relapse, and virulent nature of Coccidioides, there is an urgent need for the development of eff...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1406.013
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the relationship between stem cells, cancer, and the esophagus; the behavior of esophageal stem cells; and the role of genetics and epigenetics in approaches to translational research. ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/nyas.12521
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surprising discovery in 1990 that estrogen modulates hippocampal structural plasticity launched a whole new field of scientific inquiry. Over the past two decades, estrogen-induced spinogenesis has been described in several brain areas involved in cognition in a number of species, in both sexes and on multiple tim...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05529.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Without landmarks, navigation is based on information about self-velocity, which is transformed to position or orientation by a process called path integration. Simple path integration tasks, such as reaching a previously seen goal by blindfolded locomotion, were often considered to be automatic and not influenced by ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03862.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tocopherols, which exist in alpha, beta, gamma, and delta forms, are antioxidative nutrients also known as vitamin E. Although alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) is the major form of vitamin E found in the blood and tissues, gamma- and delta-T have been suggested to have stronger anti-inflammatory activities. In the present s...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05561.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thiazolidinediones improve glycemic control by reducing insulin resistance. Some studies have demonstrated that troglitazone had a preventative effect on diabetes in NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. One of the mechanisms proposed for the prevention of diabetes by thiazolidinediones is an effect on T-helper 1/T-helper 2 ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1375.056
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption, sedation, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain septum. We have shown that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can in vitro induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling. Corticotropin-releasing hormone...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1296.024
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many scientific and technical applications, a three-dimensional (3D) object must be reconstructed, either to assist in understanding the object's structure or to ease its automatic handling and analysis. Volume reconstruction has been used in health care to diagnose, simulate, facilitate surgical planning, develop ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04897.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine whether treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which causes transient cellular immunity depression, influences tuberculin skin testing (TST) interpretation. The study was also aimed to assess the degree of cellular immunity depression following open heart surgery. Fifteen children from developing coun...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1398.027
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predicting the response to xenotransplantation is difficult, but can be based upon (i) past clinical experience, (ii) opinion surveys and focus groups, (iii) predictable variables, and (iv) the allotransplant experience. Baby Fae, the Pittsburgh baboon liver transplants, and the Jeff Getty baboon marrow transplant hav...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09141.x
更新日期：1998-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the relatively high prevalence of both hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and autoimmune disorders (ADs), it is not rare to encounter in daily clinical practice patients with ADs also carrying HCV. Corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressant drugs are needed to treat ADs, but they place HCV-infected patients at...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1423.058
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Justice judgments are subjective by nature, and are influenced substantially by motivational processes. In the present contribution, two motives underlying justice judgments are examined: individualistic motives to evaluate solutions to social problems that benefit the self in material or immaterial ways as fair versu...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.12143
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (co-vidarabine) was used in combination studies with adenine arabinoside (vidarabine, Vira-ATM) to protect this purine nucleoside from enzymatic deamination to the more weakly active metabolite, hypoxanthine arabinoside. Comparing the combination to vidarabine alone, a sig...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21937.x
更新日期：1977-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The acquisition of both speech and music uses general principles: learners extract statistical regularities present in the environment. Yet, individuals who suffer from congenital amusia (commonly called tone-deafness) have experienced lifelong difficulties in acquiring basic musical skills, while their language abili...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06429.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium ions are essential to proper neurotransmission. Impairment in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+) signaling disturbs neuronal activity, leading to pathological consequences. In cells, a high-affinity plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) keeps free Ca(2+) in the nanomolar range. Among four genes encoding t...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1410.077
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. Like apoptotic programmed cell death, autophagy is an essential part of growth regulation and maintenance of homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Autophagic vacuole formation is also activ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1363.015
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to test the anticancer properties of the water-insoluble derivative of camptothecin, 9-nitrocamptothecin (9NC), administered in a liposome formulation (L-9NC) in aerosol to mice with subcutaneous xenografts of three human cancers and in mice with murine melanoma and human osteosarcoma pul...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb07033.x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A short review of current concepts concerning the origin and kinetics of monocytes and macrophages is given, and the humoral regulation of monocyte production by FIM, a factor synthesized and secreted by macrophages, is discussed. Genetic control of the responsiveness of monocyte precursors to FIM and that of the phag...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18476.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence in the serum of specific autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and antiextractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA), is one of the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune rheumatic disease, and the requests for these tests in the last few years have grown remar...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04635.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. Comparison of IL-11 with another gp130 family member, IL-6, indicates that these two cytokines share many overlapping signal transduction mechanisms. However, unlike IL-6, treatment of patients with a recombinant human form of IL-11 (rhIL-11) does not i...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08308.x
更新日期：1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:We study the linear coupling between the Marangoni and Cowley-Rosensweig instabilities for a thin layer of ferrofluid subjected to a temperature gradient and a magnetic field. Both are perpendicular to the reference horizontal boundaries, one of which is a rigid plate, while the other is a free surface remaining flat ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04064.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
