Abstract:
:Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. Like apoptotic programmed cell death, autophagy is an essential part of growth regulation and maintenance of homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Autophagic vacuole formation is also activated as an adaptive response to a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimuli, including nutrient deprivation, hormonal or therapeutic treatment, bacterial infection, aggregated and misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Mediators of class I and class III PI3 kinase signaling pathways and trimeric G proteins play major roles in regulating autophagosome formation during the stress response. Defective autophagy is the underlying cause of a number of pathological conditions, including vacuolar myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and some forms of cancer. This chapter provides an overview of the morphology and molecular basis of autophagosome formation and offers a glimpse into the role of autophagy in normal growth and development, while discussing the pathological implications of its deregulation.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Kelekar Adoi
10.1196/annals.1363.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
259-71eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
1066/1/259journal_volume
1066pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The dentate gyrus of the rat forms in three developmental phases, each of which is characterized by neuronal birth, migration and death. Recent evidence indicates that adrenal steroids regulate neuronal birth, death, and possibly migration throughout the life of the animal. However, the observation that very few neuro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb55788.x
更新日期:1994-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrinogen has been the plasma protein most frequently studied after tissue injury. This report presents evidence that leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) from macrophages promotes fibrinogen synthesis. LEM has a molecular weight of 13,000-16,000, an isoelectric point (pI) at pH 7.3, is heat labile, and is inactivate...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22148.x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that increased dosage of the mouse protein zero gene (Mpz) causes a dysmyelinating neuropathy in transgenic (Tg80) mice. To ask whether the dysmyelination is dose dependent, we inbred one of the Tg80 lines and compared the resulting phenotype in homozygous and heterozygous mice. Whereas hetero...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08591.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::These data suggest that shock stress during adolescence increases ETOH consumption and may contribute to an increase in aggression in early adulthood. Interestingly, shock stress without ETOH results in timid behavior in early adulthood. One might speculate that adolescent hamsters "self-medicate" to deal with continu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32539.x
更新日期:1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::All blood cells are derived from multipotent stem cells, the so-called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), that in adults reside in the bone marrow. Most types of blood cells also develop there, with the notable exception of T lymphocytes that develop in the thymus. For both HSCs and developing T cells, interactions with...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06626.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the five enzyme complexes in the oxidative phosphorylation system, NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase (also called complex I) is the largest, most intricate, and least understood. This enzyme complex spans the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the first step of electron transfer by the oxidation of NADH, an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12858
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37649.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endometrial effects of vaginal progesterone have been found to be unexpectedly reliable. This has led us to suspect that a local direct vagina-to-uterus transport or first uterine pass effect was the basis of the uterine targeting of vaginal progesterone. After vaginal administration of progesterone, uterine tissu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48550.x
更新日期:1997-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::This paper explores aspects of the role that laboratory instruments have played in establishing psychology as a science. Comparisons of earlier instruments with their more modern counterparts indicate that many problems and methods still of interest today were explored in the laboratories of psychology's pioneers. Suc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb47336.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered calcium homeostasis may play a key role in the pathophysiology of human heart failure. Levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins and sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger were analyzed by Western blot in failing and nonfailing human myocardium and related to myocardial function. Levels of the SR calcium releas...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08270.x
更新日期:1998-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted from cells that play key roles in intercellular communication. They carry unique content derived from parental cells and are capable of transferring this cargo between cells. The role and function of exosomes largely depends on the origin and functional status of the parental cells. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13469
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is now good evidence that in the AD brain, a number of neurotransmitter effector systems are defective. Such abnormalities include defective G, protein and protein kinase C function as well as a drastically reduced level of receptors for the second messenger Ins(1,4,5) P3. Such changes are probably not restricte...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39072.x
更新日期:1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Malignancies have developed several strategies to evade immune surveillance. We have investigated pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer surgical specimens to evaluate possibilities of tumor escape in the Fas system, and local immune suppression. Despite Fas expression the majority of cell lines was resist...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09529.x
更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Since his presidency of the Carnegie Corporation of New York and co-chairmanship of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, David Hamburg has been actively engaged in projects related to the prevention of genocide and other mass violence. In these remarks to the Association for Research in Nervous and M...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05792.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of literature has investigated the effects of playing video games on brain function and behavior. One key takeaway from this literature has been that not all entertainment video games are created equal with respect to their effects on cognitive functioning. The majority of the research to date has contr...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.14295
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much has been learned during the past decade about the specific retinoid-binding proteins that exist in plasma, and in the intracellular compartment in a number of tissues. Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb12738.x
更新日期:1981-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians use the combination of Tanner stage 5 (T5) of puberty, final height, and epiphyseal fusion to define maturity. We tested the hypothesis that changes in body composition related to age are identifiable during T5. Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White T5 adolescents (n = 148, 72 females) had measurements taken of...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06491.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New aggressive pathogens are responsible for the increasing incidence and difficult management of infections. Modern epidemics such as diabetes are frequently complicated by severe infections with subsequent high morbidity. Diagnosis (essentially early detection of infection) and also management decision making pose c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06026.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To gain better insight into mass transfer problems in encapsulated cell systems requires a combination of experimental investigations and mathematical modeling. Specific mass transfer studies are reviewed including oxygen transfer in immobilized animal cell culture bioreactors, modeling of polymer droplet formation an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08496.x
更新日期:1999-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::We created a toolbox of recombinant, microbial lipases, which allows us in combination with a lipase database to choose among the overexpressed lipases the most appropriate for a specific application and to improve it further via mutagenesis. By systematic comparison of geometry and properties of the scissile fatty ac...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-12-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05779.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Especially since the (re-)discovery of T cell subpopulations with specialized regulatory activities, mechanisms of anti-inflammatory T cell regulation are studied very actively and are expected to lead to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches, especially in chronic inflammatory diseases. Heat shock pro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1391.020
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human germ-cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Based on epidemiology, anatomical site of presentation, histology, chromosomal constitution, and pattern of genomic imprinting, GCTs are classified into five entities. Within the testis, three types of GCTs can be diagnosed: type I (teratomas and yo...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1411.000
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this chapter we examine whether rapists are sexually aroused by coercive, nonconsensual sex. This question is theoretically important because it speaks to a potential sexual motivation underlying rape. It is also clinically important in that it may reveal an important assessment and treatment target. We first revis...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07307.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrolide and polyether biosynthesis in actinomycetes is regulated at the level of precursor supply by effects of nutrients on the sources of the low-molecular-weight fatty acids used to build the carbon framework of these antibiotics. Ammonium ion appears to suppress the first enzymes of valine and threonine cataboli...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb47382.x
更新日期:1994-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The search for molecules on the surface of mammalian sperm that are responsible for the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida has led to the identification of a number of different surface proteins. Different experimental approaches have been used to identify these proteins and the strength of the evidence for their ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb27332.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plants, the photons of light are absorbed at the level of the photosystems in the chloroplasts. The functioning of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain linked to this process is required to generate NADPH and ATP. In addition, the light signal promotes a regulatory cascade, situated in the stroma, that involv...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04692.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classic studies of the cerebellum before the middle of the twentieth century established the structural entity of the cerebellum and characterized its function as enabling animals and humans to carry out smooth and accurate movements, even at a high speed and without visual feedback. In the 1960s, neuronal circuit str...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07574.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium ions are essential to proper neurotransmission. Impairment in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+) signaling disturbs neuronal activity, leading to pathological consequences. In cells, a high-affinity plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) keeps free Ca(2+) in the nanomolar range. Among four genes encoding t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1410.077
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane processes are receiving increasing attention in the scientific community and in industry because in many cases they offer a favorable alternative to processes that are not easy to achieve by conventional routes. In this context, membranes made with perfluorinated polymers are of particular interest because of...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06002.x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00