A prediction-based test for multiple endpoints.

abstract：:Kappa coefficients are measures of correlation between categorical variables often used as reliability or validity coefficients. We recapitulate development and definitions of the K (categories) by M (ratings) kappas (K x M), discuss what they are well- or ill-designed to do, and summarize where kappas now stand with ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chmura Kraemer H,Periyakoil VS,Noda A

更新日期：2002-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-type recurrent event data arise when two or more different kinds of events may occur repeatedly over a period of observation. The scientific objectives in such settings are often to describe features of the marginal processes and to study the association between the different types of events. Interval-censored m...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen BE,Cook RJ,Lawless JF,Zhan M

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we give an informal introduction to a robust method for survival analysis which is based on a modification of the usual partial likelihood estimator (PLE). Large sample results lead us to expect reduced bias for this robust estimator compared with the PLE whenever there are even slight violations of the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Minder CE,Bednarski T

更新日期：1996-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Pearson's chi-squared, the likelihood-ratio, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test statistics are often used to test the association of unordered r x c tables. Asymptotical, exact conditional, or exact conditional with mid-p adjustment methods are commonly used to compute the p-value. We have compared test power and signif...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lydersen S,Pradhan V,Senchaudhuri P,Laake P

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The EQ-5D, a widely used multiattribute utility instrument, is commonly used in health economic evaluations where the goal is to decide on which treatments to reimburse. Like other instruments, value sets of the EQ-5D are constructed using valuation studies typically valuing a subset of the health states and using pre...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Shams S,Pullenayegum E

更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews Bayesian strategies for monitoring clinical trial data. It focuses on a Bayesian stochastic curtailment method based on the predictive probability of observing a clinically significant outcome at the scheduled end of the study given the observed data. The proposed method is applied to derive efficac...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Dmitrienko A,Wang MD

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Group sequential hypothesis testing is now widely used to analyze prospective data. If Monte Carlo simulation is used to construct the signaling threshold, the challenge is how to manage the type I error probability for each one of the multiple tests without losing control on the overall significance level. This paper...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Silva IR

更新日期：2016-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we proposed a mechanistic breast cancer survival model based on the axillary lymph node chain structure, considering lymph nodes as a potential dissemination arrangement. We assume a naive breast cancer treatment protocol consisting of exposing patients first to a chemotherapy treatment on r intervals a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cobre J,Castro Perdoná GS,Peria FM,Louzada F

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Growth trends in children are often based on cross-sectional studies, in which a sample of the population is investigated at one given point in time. Estimating age-related percentiles in such studies involves fitting data distributions, each of which is specific for one age group, and a subsequent smoothing of the pe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sorribas A,March J,Voit EO

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of panel data is often challenged by the presence of heterogeneity and state misclassification. In this paper, we propose a hidden mover-stayer model to facilitate heterogeneity for a population that consists of two subpopulations each of movers or of stayers and to simultaneously account for state misclassif...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yi GY,He W,He F

更新日期：2017-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Interpretation of the Mantoux test for tuberculous infection can be complicated by cross-reactions caused by infection with non-specific mycobacteria. Thus, the distribution of positive indurations is a mixture of two distributions. To estimate tuberculous infection prevalence, the marginal distribution of indurations...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nagelkerke NJ,Borgdorff MW,Kim SJ

更新日期：2001-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mutation and natural selection phenomenon can and often does cause the failure of antimicrobial, herbicidal, pesticide and cancer treatments selection pressures. This phenomenon operates in a mathematically predictable behavior, which when understood leads to approaches to reduce and prevent the failure of the use...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kleinman A

更新日期：2014-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:To construct a confidence interval for the mean of a log-normal distribution in small samples, we propose likelihood-based approaches - the signed log-likelihood ratio and modified signed log-likelihood ratio methods. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation results show the advantages of the modified signed log-likelihood ra...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wu J,Wong AC,Jiang G

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantifying socioeconomic disparities and understanding the roots of inequalities are growing topics in cancer research. However, socioeconomic differences are challenging to investigate mainly due to the lack of accurate data at individual-level, while aggregate indicators are only partially informative. We implement...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mezzetti M,Palli D,Dominici F

更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Suppression of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) is one of the goals of antiarrhythmic therapy. In a clinical trial, however, it may be difficult to distinguish antiarrhythmic drug effect from spontaneous variation in PVCs. We propose the application of linear regression to PVC histories to ascertain drug effe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Berry DA,Fox TL

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated cross-sectional samples are common in national surveys of health like the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Because population health outcomes generally evolve slowly, pooling data across years can improve the precision of current-year annual estimates of disease prevalence and other health outcomes. P...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lockwood JR,McCaffrey DF,Setodji CM,Elliott MN

更新日期：2011-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine Goodman and Kruskal's lambda using Efron's approach to regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for zero-one outcome data. For a binary response cross-classified by a single nominal predictor, we present a computationally simple ANOVA table in which lambda is analogous to Pearson's R-square. We character...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Makuch RW,Rosenberg PS,Scott G

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In medical and health studies, heterogeneities in clustered count data have been traditionally modeled by positive random effects in Poisson mixed models; however, excessive zeros often occur in clustered medical and health count data. In this paper, we consider a three-level random effects zero-inflated Poisson model...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ma R,Hasan MT,Sneddon G

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Day and Walter derived methods of joint maximum likelihood estimation for the sojourn time distribution and the false negative rate for a screening programme. Their methods are not directly applicable to a programme which uses alternate screening by two modalities whose sojourn times and false negative rates will diff...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Alexander FE

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary purpose of a disease surveillance system is to provide data for the detection of changes in the incidence of the disease. Methods for the analysis of data from surveillance systems are reviewed. A new procedure is proposed for use when the system includes geographically dispersed reporting units, such as h...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Raubertas RF

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials often assess therapeutic benefit on the basis of an event such as death or the diagnosis of disease. Usually, there are several additional longitudinal measures of clinical status which are collected to be used in the treatment comparison. This paper proposes a simple non-parametric test which combines...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Finkelstein DM,Schoenfeld DA

更新日期：1999-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of Bayesian hierarchical models to measure spatial effects in time to event data has not been widely reported. This case study aims to estimate the effect of area of residence on waiting times to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and to assess the role of important individual specific covariates (age...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Crook AM,Knorr-Held L,Hemingway H

更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Although prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are major health problems in U.S. men, little is known about the early stages of the natural history of prostate disease. A molecular biomarker called prostate specific antigen (PSA), together with a unique longitudinal bank of frozen serum, now allows a histor...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pearson JD,Morrell CH,Landis PK,Carter HB,Brant LJ

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider evaluation and comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers with continuous test outcomes, possibly correlated due to repeated measurements. We develop nonparametric group sequential testing procedures to evaluate and compare the area of biomarkers under their receiver operating characteristic curve...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Liu A,Wu C,Schisterman EF

更新日期：2008-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Prognostic models are used in medicine for investigating patient outcome in relation to patient and disease characteristics. Such models do not always work well in practice, so it is widely recommended that they need to be validated. The idea of validating a prognostic model is generally taken to mean establishing tha...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Altman DG,Royston P

更新日期：2000-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In longitudinal studies, missing observations occur commonly. It has been well known that biased results could be produced if missingness is not properly handled in the analysis. Authors have developed many methods with the focus on either incomplete response or missing covariate observations, but rarely on both. The ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Li H,Yi GY

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors are used as standard guidelines for the clinical evaluation of cancer treatments. The assessment is based on the anatomical tumor burden: change in size of target lesions and evolution of nontarget lesions (NTL). Despite unquestionable advantages of this standard tool, ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Król A,Tournigand C,Michiels S,Rondeau V

更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical prediction models (CPMs) can inform decision making about treatment initiation, which requires predicted risks assuming no treatment is given. However, this is challenging since CPMs are usually derived using data sets where patients received treatment, often initiated postbaseline as "treatment drop-ins." Th...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sperrin M,Martin GP,Pate A,Van Staa T,Peek N,Buchan I

更新日期：2018-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the usual statistical concepts and consequent appropriate simulations of a prospective study for the simple case of a single risk variable and an assumed logistic model. We examine the simulations of Lilienfeld and Pyne, and show that they are seriously flawed. Contrary to those authors' claims, the estima...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Halperin M,Abbott RD,Blackwelder WC,Jacobowitz R,Lan KK,Verter JI,Wedel H

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In US states with small subpopulations, the observed mortality rates are often zero, particularly among young ages. Because in life tables, death rates are reported mostly on a log scale, zero mortality rates are problematic. To overcome the observed zero death rates problem, appropriate probability models are used. U...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Voulgaraki A,Wei R,Kedem B

更新日期：2015-05-20 00:00:00