Estimation of death rates in US states with small subpopulations.

abstract：:Interval-censored data are commonly found in studies of diseases that progress without symptoms, which require clinical evaluation for detection. Several techniques have been suggested with independent assumption. However, the assumption will not be valid if observations come from clusters. Furthermore, when the clust...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kim YJ

更新日期：2010-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine Goodman and Kruskal's lambda using Efron's approach to regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for zero-one outcome data. For a binary response cross-classified by a single nominal predictor, we present a computationally simple ANOVA table in which lambda is analogous to Pearson's R-square. We character...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Makuch RW,Rosenberg PS,Scott G

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many biomedical and epidemiological studies, data are often clustered due to longitudinal follow up or repeated sampling. While in some clustered data the cluster size is pre-determined, in others it may be correlated with the outcome of subunits, resulting in informative cluster size. When the cluster size is info...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen Z,Zhang B,Albert PS

更新日期：2011-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The power to detect a treatment effect in cluster randomized trials can be increased by increasing the number of clusters. An alternative is to include covariates into the regression model that relates treatment condition to outcome. In this paper, formulae are derived in order to evaluate both strategies on basis of ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Moerbeek M

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the pharmaceutical industry, some tests for quality assurance before, during and after the manufacture of a drug product involve a two-stage sampling technique. We propose statistical testing procedures in a two-stage sampling problem with large within-class sample sizes. We also derive a two-stage sampling plan by...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Shao J,Chow SC

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:When a cancer patient develops a new tumor it is necessary to determine if it is a recurrence (metastasis) of the original cancer, or an entirely new occurrence of the disease. This is accomplished by assessing the histo-pathology of the lesions. However, there are many clinical scenarios in which this pathological di...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ostrovnaya I,Olshen AB,Seshan VE,Orlow I,Albertson DG,Begg CB

更新日期：2010-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Statisticians have long argued that randomized controlled trials should be sufficiently large to achieve their purpose, and for common diseases with major public health implications this has brought many benefits. However, there are many instances where it is unrealistic to expect clinicians to provide the information...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Matthews JN

更新日期：1995-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States, disproportionately affecting young women. Because a significant portion of the infections present no symptoms, infection control relies...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Li Z,Liu H,Tu W

更新日期：2015-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In any field in which decisions are subject to measurements, interchangeability between the methods used to obtain these measurements is essential. To consider methods as interchangeable, a certain degree of agreement is needed between the measurements they provide. The concordance correlation coefficient is an index ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Carrasco JL,Jover L

更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Instrumental variable is an essential tool for addressing unmeasured confounding in observational studies. Two-stage predictor substitution (2SPS) estimator and two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) are two commonly used approaches in applying instrumental variables. Recently, 2SPS was studied under the additive hazards...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ying A,Xu R,Murphy J

更新日期：2019-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Statistical inference based on correlated count measurements are frequently performed in biomedical studies. Most of existing sample size calculation methods for count outcomes are developed under the Poisson model. Deviation from the Poisson assumption (equality of mean and variance) has been widely documented in pra...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Li D,Zhang S,Cao J

更新日期：2019-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Missing data arise in crossover trials, as they do in any form of clinical trial. Several papers have addressed the problems that missing data create, although almost all of these assume that the probability that a planned observation is missing does not depend on the value that would have been observed; that is, the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ho WK,Matthews JN,Henderson R,Farewell D,Rodgers LR

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In many chronic diseases, therapy aims to prevent or reduce the frequency of episodes of a disease manifestation, for example cardiac ischaemic episodes or epileptic seizures. Entry criteria for clinical trials typically include a minimum number of episodes within a baseline period, and regression to the mean should b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： McMahon RP,Proschan M,Geller NL,Stone PH,Sopko G

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'at least as good as' criterion, introduced by Laster and Johnson for a continuous response variate, is developed here for applications with dichotomous data. This approach is adaptive in nature, as the margin of non-inferiority is not taken as a fixed difference; it varies as a function of the positive control re...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Laster LL,Johnson MF,Kotler ML

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In population-based case-control studies, an attempt is made to identify all incident cases diagnosed in a specified population during a fixed time interval. Assuming that this goal is met allows one to obtain measures of risk other than relative risks. In this paper, we describe three approaches to estimate exposure-...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Benichou J,Wacholder S

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomarkers that predict the efficacy of treatment can potentially improve clinical outcomes and decrease medical costs by allowing treatment to be provided only to those most likely to benefit. We consider the design of a randomized clinical trial in which one objective is to evaluate a treatment selection marker. The...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Janes H,Brown MD,Pepe MS

更新日期：2015-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Sam Greenhouse joined the Census Bureau as a clerk at an interesting time period for the agency. The first use of sampling in the decennial census occurred in 1940. There was a major expansion of the amount of data collected. The organization of the Census Bureau underwent radical changes, including the growth of the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Keller J,Clark CZ

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Proportional hazards (or Cox) regression is a popular method for modelling the effects of prognostic factors on survival. Use of cubic spline functions to model time-by-covariate interactions in Cox regression allows investigation of the shape of a possible covariate-time dependence without having to specify a specifi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hess KR

更新日期：1994-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Outcomes research often requires estimating the impact of a binary treatment on a binary outcome in a non-randomized setting, such as the effect of taking a drug on mortality. The data often come from self-selected samples, leading to a spurious correlation between the treatment and outcome when standard binary depend...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bhattacharya J,Goldman D,McCaffrey D

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for detecting deviations from the Loewe additive drug combination reference model for in vitro drug combination experimentation is described. It is often difficult to fit a response surface model to drug combination data, especially in situations where the experimental design contains a sparse set of combinat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Novick SJ

更新日期：2013-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomarkers, increasingly used in biomedical studies for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute and chronic diseases, provide insight into the effectiveness of treatments and potential pathways that can be used to guide future treatment targets. The measurement of these markers is often limited by the sensitivity of the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee M,Kong L,Weissfeld L

更新日期：2012-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper, arising out of an event to honour the statistical and scientific contributions of Professor Peter Armitage, is concerned with research strategies and needs for chronic disease prevention. A few highlights from recent intervention trials for the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, fractures and di...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Prentice RL

更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we define a modified version τ(b) of Kendall's tau to measure the association in a pair (X,Y) of random variables subject to fixed left censoring due to known lower detection limits. We provide a nonparametric estimator of τ(b) and investigate its asymptotic properties. We then assume an Archimedean cop...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Romdhani H,Lakhal-Chaieb L

更新日期：2011-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In many studies, a K degree of freedom large sample chi2 test is used to assess the effect of treatment on a multivariate response, such as an omnibus T2-like test of a difference between two treatment groups in any of K repeated measures. Alternately, a K df chi2 test may be used to test the equality of K+1 groups in...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lachin JM,Greenhouse SW,Bautista OM

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Funnel plots are widely used to visualize grouped data, for example, in institutional comparison. This paper extends the concept to a multi-level setting, displaying one level at a time, adjusted for the other levels, as well as for covariates at all levels. These level-adjusted funnel plots are based on a Markov chai...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lindhagen L,Darkahi B,Sandblom G,Berglund L

更新日期：2014-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In vaccine safety studies, subjects are considered at increased risk for adverse events for a period of time after vaccination known as risk window. To our knowledge, risk windows for vaccine safety studies have tended to be pre-defined and not to use information from the current study. Inaccurate specification of the...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xu S,Zhang L,Nelson JC,Zeng C,Mullooly J,McClure D,Glanz J

更新日期：2011-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The need for resource-intensive laboratory assays to assess exposures in many epidemiologic studies provides ample motivation to consider study designs that incorporate pooled samples. In this paper, we consider the case in which specimens are combined for the purpose of determining the presence or absence of a pool-w...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lyles RH,Tang L,Lin J,Zhang Z,Mukherjee B

更新日期：2012-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Arming the immune system against cancer has emerged as a powerful tool in oncology during recent years. Instead of poisoning a tumor or destroying it with radiation, therapeutic cancer vaccine, a type of cancer immunotherapy, unleashes the immune system to combat cancer. This indirect mechanism-of-action of vaccines p...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xu Z,Zhen B,Park Y,Zhu B

更新日期：2017-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We develop parametric maximum likelihood methods to adjust for treatment changes during follow-up in order to assess the causal effect of treatment in clinical trials with time-to-event outcomes. The accelerated failure time model of Robins and Tsiatis relates each observed event time to the underlying event time that...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Walker AS,White IR,Babiker AG

更新日期：2004-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Most statistical methodology for phase III clinical trials focuses on the comparison of a single experimental treatment with a control. An increasing desire to reduce the time before regulatory approval of a new drug is sought has led to development of two-stage or sequential designs for trials that combine the defini...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Stallard N,Todd S

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00