Abstract：
:Advances in microcomputer technology provide new ways of incorporating PBL procedures in clinical pharmacology courses. Developments in graphics-user interfaces and analog/digital systems that display physiologic information directly on the monitor enable the computer to serve as a learning resource as laboratory classes did in the past. A model HyperCard-driven program describes four problem-oriented laboratory exercises that require interpretation and analysis of ECGs. The exercises that involve reading ECGs that were obtained before and after the onset of drug-induced changes in conduction and rhythm are designed to reinforce problem-solving skills in basic electrocardiography and give students a better understanding of the electrophysiologic basis for managing cardiac arrhythmias in clinical practice. For evaluating new programs in medical education, Schmidt describes three conditions that facilitate successful learning; (1) opportunity to use previously acquired knowledge in understanding new information, (2) applicability to future practice, and (3) ability to elaborate on the new information by interaction with other students. Advances that incorporate microcomputer technology and problem-solving learning would receive high scores by such criteria and are recommended by those who are developing courses in clinical pharmacology for medical students and others in the allied health sciences.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Hutcheon DE,el-Gawly HWdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1991.tb04962.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-03-01 00:00:00pages
198-204issue
3eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Troglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, enhances the actions of insulin on muscle and liver. It is metabolized predominantly in the liver to a sulfate conjugate and a quinone metabolite. Acetaminophen also undergoes metabolism by conjugation. This three-way crossover study in 12 healthy male volunteers was conducted to in...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutropenia is the most commonly reported hematologic toxicity following treatment with palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor approved for metastatic breast cancer. Using data from 185 advanced cancer patients receiving palbociclib in 3 clinical trials, a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was develo...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/jcph.902
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Astronauts experience Space Motion Sickness requiring treatment with an anti-motion sickness medication, scopolamine during space missions. Bioavailability after oral administration of scopolamine is low and variable, and absorption form transdermal patch is slow and prolonged. Intranasal administration achieves faste...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/jcph.391
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Half-life is a standard result reported with analysis of pharmacokinetic data. Different definitions such as noncompartmental half-life, terminal half-life, effective half-life, and context-sensitive half-life can yield substantially different estimates of the quantity "half-life." Time to attainment of steady-state c...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jcph.1701
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study evaluated whether a liquid suspension of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is effective and safe when dose adjusted based on varying degrees of renal impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Patients had stable mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease. Twenty-eight patients were e...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1177/0091270010381385
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the acute administration of marijuana (MJ) on cardiovascular (CV) function and CNS pharmacokinetics (PK) of [(15)O]water in occasional (O) versus chronic (C) MJ users. Each subject received four injections of [(15)O]water (one prior and three postsmoking) on tw...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0091270004265699
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guanfacine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, was compared with prazosin hydrochloride for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel evaluation to determine efficacy and safety. The study consisted of a 2-week screening/weaning period (phase ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb01849.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nintedanib is an intracellular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This phase 1 open-label study investigated the influence of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of nintedanib...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jcph.1025
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of single, rising intramuscular (i.m.) doses and the single maximum tolerated dose of parecoxib sodium, a prodrug of the novel COX-2 selective anti-inflammatory analgesic drug v...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/00912700122012607
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maraviroc is a C-C chemokine receptor type-5 antagonist approved for the treatment of HIV-1. Previous studies show that cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) plays a role in maraviroc metabolism. CYP3A5 is subject to a genetic polymorphism. The presence of 2 functional alleles (CYP3A5*1/*1) confers the extensive metabolism phe...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/jcph.1306
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The safety and efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) torsemide as adjunctive therapy for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema was evaluated. Thirteen patients were treated with i.v. torsemide and six patients, with i.v. furosemide, as a positive control. Doses of torsemide, 20 mg or 40 mg, and furosemide, 40 mg or 80 mg, were a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb01985.x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single evening dose of a clonidine-chlorthalidone combination (Combipres) was compared with the usual twice-daily schedule in 11 patients with essential hypertension. No significant difference was found between the blood pressures recorded on the two regimens or between morning and afternoon pressures on the once-da...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1980.tb01695.x
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacokinetic values of cibenzoline, a new, investigational, antiarrhythmic drug, were determined in 13 patients with varying degree of renal impairment, creatinine clearance range between 5 and 53 mL/min. Cibenzoline plasma levels were measured after direct intravenous injection of one single 1 mg/kg dose. The appa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02825.x
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood concentrations of cyclosporine were determined in adult and pediatric patients following orthotopic liver transplantation to quantitate cyclosporine blood clearance and oral absorption. Seventeen bioavailability studies were performed following transplantation surgery in nine children and seven adults. The intra...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1986.tb02966.x
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A decrease in dietary protein intake lowers the clearance of a number of substances excreted principally by the kidney including uric acid and oxypurinol, the major metabolite of allopurinol. We studied the kinetics of uric acid and oxypurinol in seven healthy volunteers on a normal protein diet (2600 calories; 100 g ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03239.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombomodulin alfa is the recombinant extracellular domain of human thrombomodulin, which shows anticoagulation activity. To elucidate the pharmacokinetics of thrombomodulin alfa in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed using plasma concent...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1177/0091270010381900
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents. HIV-infected patients received combination antiretroviral therapy, including enfuvirtide 2.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, twice daily. Serial and trough blood samples were collected up to...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1177/0091270006299089
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 175 physicians were surveyed by questionnaire before a Clinical Pharmacology Consult Service was started. Of those that responded, 72% thought the service would be helpful, although 40% said they would use the service no more than once a month. Most physicians (75%) preferred self-initiated consultations to...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03096.x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Esmolol hydrochloride was administered by constant-rate continuous infusion to 10 patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery revascularization surgery. After a suitable loading dose, the esmolol infusion was started approximately 30 minutes before bypass and was stopped 10 minutes after...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb04670.x
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The isoproterenol sensitivity (dose-response curve) and the total body clearance of propranolol were measured in 80 men including 15 normal subjects and 65 essential hypertensive patients (20 borderline and 45 permanent hypertensives). The critical dose of isoproterenol was found to be directly correlated to weight (P...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1976.tb01514.x
更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raltegravir is a novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with potent in vitro activity (95% inhibitory concentration = 33 nM in 50% human serum). In vitro characterization of raltegravir inhibition potential was assessed against a panel of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. An open-label, 2-period study was conducted to assess th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/0091270007310382
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug dosing in renal insufficiency needs to be individualized whenever possible to optimize therapeutic outcomes and to minimize toxicity. Although a number of published tables that provide dosing guidelines and nomograms exist to assist in dose modification, individualization of therapy should be based on pharmacokin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb03973.x
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tafenoquine is being developed for relapse prevention in Plasmodium vivax malaria. This Phase I, single-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled parallel group study investigated whether tafenoquine at supratherapeutic and therapeutic concentrations prolonged cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers. Subj...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/jcph.302
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to assess the bioequivalence between a new formulation of propofol 2% and the commercially available product Diprivan. Secondary objectives were to compare the times to onset of and emergence from hypnosis, the hemodynamic effects, and the safety profiles. Twelve healthy male volunteers were ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/0091270003251391
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release formulation of ranolazine and 3 major metabolites was investigated in an open-label, parallel-group study. Ranolazine (875-mg loading dose followed by 500 mg every 12 hours for a total of 4 maintenance doses) was administered to subjects w...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0091270005276739
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adherence to microbicide gel use is critical to optimizing effectiveness in preventing human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The authors hypothesized that ester taggants added to vaginal gels would generate exhaled alcohol and ketone metabolites and provide a "breath test" for vaginal gel use. This 2-arm (vaginal...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/0091270011434157
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the analysis of longitudinal pharmacokinetic data, both balanced (equal number of samples per subject) and unbalanced data are used. It is implicitly assumed that the process that caused the missing data can be ignored. A simulation study was performed to determine the effect of ignoring the missing data (i.e., "ig...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04419.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This 30-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was designed to (1) establish that 6.25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) given once daily with 5 mg of bisoprolol fumarate can contribute to antihypertensive effectiveness in patients with stage I and stage II (mild to moderate) systemi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb05009.x
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lemborexant is a novel orexin receptor antagonist approved in the United States and Japan for the treatment of insomnia. This article describes the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of lemborexant and the relationship of its daily steady-state exposure (Cav,ss ) to the probability of most frequent treatment-emergent ad...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jcph.1683
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microgravity is produced for 20 to 30 seconds in NASA's KC-135 aircraft at the end of a 2 G pullup for each of 40 parabolas per flight. Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound, arterial blood pressure, and acceleration levels were recorded for 12 male and 8 female healthy subjects without known cardiovascular or ce...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1552-4604.1991.tb03648.x
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
