Abstract：
:Phthalates are a group of phthalic acid esters which are used as plasticizers and additives. In laboratory animals, several phthalates are known endocrine disruptors. Several studies have described phthalate exposure in the United States and developed countries but little is known about phthalate exposure in the developing world, particularly during pregnancy. To assess exposure to six different phthalates, we measured the concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected during the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy from a group of 72 women living in Trujillo, Peru. Additionally, women completed questionnaires to provide demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis via linear models was used to evaluate potential differences in the concentrations of phthalate metabolites by trimester, cooking fuel type, socioeconomic status, and education. All metabolites were detected in>40% of samples analyzed, and mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, and monoethyl phthalate were found in>90% of samples. Five of nine unadjusted urinary metabolites and four of nine creatinine-adjusted urinary metabolites were significantly lower in this group of pregnant women living in Peru compared to pregnant women in the US general population.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Irvin EA,Calafat AM,Silva MJ,Aguilar-Villalobos M,Needham LL,Hall DB,Cassidy B,Naeher LPdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
1301-7issue
11eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(10)00722-8journal_volume
80pub_type
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