Abstract：
:A number of drugs have been withdrawn from the market or severely restricted in their use because of unexpected toxicities that become apparent only after the launch of new drug entities. Circumstantial evidence suggests that, in most cases, reactive metabolites are responsible for these unexpected toxicities. In this review, a general overview of the types of reactive metabolites and the consequences of their formation are presented. The current approaches to evaluate bioactivation potential of new compounds with particular emphasis on the advantages and limitation of these procedures will be discussed. Reasonable reasons for the excellent safety record of certain drugs susceptible to bioactivation will also be explored and should provide valuable guidance in the use of reactive-metabolite assessments when nominating drug candidates for development. This will, in turn, help us to design and bring safer drugs to the market.
journal_name
Oxid Med Cell Longevjournal_title
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevityauthors
Attia SMdoi
10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
238-53issue
4eissn
1942-0900issn
1942-0994pii
13246journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a genetic disorder in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) with severe neurological disorders, in which oxidative stress and disturbed melatonin metabolism may be involved. Herein we confirmed the diurnal variation of melatonin metabolites, oxidative stress markers, and antioxida...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2016/5741517
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The newly synthesized coumarin derivative with dopamine, 3-(1-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)ethylidene)-chroman-2,4-dione, was completely structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It was shown that several types of hydrogen bonds are present, which additionally stabilize the structure. The compound was tes...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2019/2069250
更新日期：2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Some evidence indicated that chemoresistance associates with the acquisition of cancer stem-like properties. Recent studies suggested that chemokines can promote the chemoresistance and stem cell properties in various cancer cells, while the underling mechanism is still not completely illustrated. In our study, we fou...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2016/5874127
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the currently available pharmacotherapies, today, thirty percent of worldwide deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whose primary cause is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder characterized by the buildup of lipid deposits on the inside of arteries. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have be...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2019/5470470
更新日期：2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the second most common injury of the spinal cord and has the risk of neurological dysfunction and paralysis, which can seriously affect patient quality of life. Salidroside (Sal) is an active ingredient extracted from Herba Cistanche with a variety of biological attributes such as antiox...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/3549704
更新日期：2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) is active component of the Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (THSG). Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that THSG exhibits numerous biological functions in treating atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, vascular and cardiac remodeling, vascu...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2016/4973239
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component obtained from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has exerted wide antioxidant as well as cytoprotective properties. However, whether Andro treatment could retard the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of And...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2018/9086747
更新日期：2018-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has grown as an attractive biologic instrument in regenerative medicine for its powerful healing properties. It is considered as a source of growth factors that may induce tissue repairing and improve fibrosis. This product has proven its efficacy in multiple studies, but its effect on cispl...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2018/9658230
更新日期：2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Imbalance in prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Postoperative rehabilitation significantly improves the functional activity of patients with OA. We aimed to assess the effect of the general 21-day postoperative rehabilitation on the oxidative stress ma...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/4598437
更新日期：2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are two redox cofactors of pivotal importance for mitochondrial functionality and cellular redox balance. Despite their relevance, the mechanism by which intramitochondrial NAD(H) and FAD levels are maintained remains quite unclear in Saccha...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2013/612784
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis and the importance of PCT as a clinically applicable biomarker for early detection of inflammatory response initiation, we aimed this study at examining the correlation between PCT levels and oxidative stress parameters (prooxidants a...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/5147364
更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with depression. Our present study aimed at investigating the antidepressant effect and the possible mechanisms of curcumin (CUR) in chronic unpredictable mild stress- (CUMS-) induced depression model in rats. After exposure to CUMS for four we...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/9268083
更新日期：2020-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanisms underlying hypertensive target organ damage (TOD) are not completely understood. The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, in development of TOD is unclear. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is a suitable model of human hyp...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2016/1067801
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have focused on determining the range of oxidative stress biomarkers and their dynamic changes in patients at different time points after the acute ischemic stroke (AIS). 82 patients with AIS were involved in our study and were tested: within 24 h from the onset of the attack (group A); at 7-day follow-up (group B)...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2016/9761697
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fructose corn syrup is cheap sweetener and prolongs the shelf life of products, but fructose intake causes hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. All of them are referred to as metabolic syndrome and they are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the harmful effects of increased fructose ...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2016/3419479
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been recognized as a toxic gas and environment pollutant. However, increasing evidence suggests that H2S acts as a novel gasotransmitter and plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. H2S is involve...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2019/3831713
更新日期：2019-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization estimates that 7 million people die every year due to pollution exposure. Among the different pollutants to which living organism are exposed, ozone (O3) represents one of the most toxic, because its location which is the skin is one of the direct tissues exposed to the outdoor environmen...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/9571490
更新日期：2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious complication in patients after administration of iodinated contrast media. Proper animal models of CI-AKI can help understand the mechanisms involved and prevent the disorder. We used the 5/6-nephrectomized (NE) rat to develop a CI-AKI model and to evaluate di...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2014/427560
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), the progressive loss of hearing associated with aging, is the most common sensory disorder in the elderly population. The pathology of ARHL includes the hair cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and afferent spiral ganglion neurons as well as the central auditory pathways. Ma...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2014/582849
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability in the elderly. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) was considered as the main cause for LBP. Degeneration of cartilaginous endplate was a crucial harmful factor during the initiation and development of IDD. Oxidative stress was implicated in IDD. However, the ...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2017/4041768
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In some inflammatory diseases of bone, osteogenesis and osteoclasis are uncoupled and the balance is usually tipped resulting in bone destruction. The underlying mechanism of osteogenic dysfunction in inflammation still needs further study. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on bo...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2021/8836599
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and obesity, are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammatory stress), oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because the integration of these stresses is critical to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, agents and...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2013/639541
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aims to explore the protective effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on radiation-induced aortic injury (RIAI). hBMSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow. Male C57/BL mice were irradiated with a dose of 18-Gy 6MV X-ray and randomly treated with either vehicle or h...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2018/5942916
更新日期：2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass accompanied by a decrease in muscle strength and resistance and is the main cause of disability among the elderly. Muscle loss begins long before there is any clear physical impact in the senior adult. Despite all this, the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle aging are far from...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2016/9057593
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Background. Duguetia furfuracea is popular plant used in popular medicine. Hypothesis/Purpose. This claim evaluated the phytochemical composition of the hydroethanolic extract (HEDF), fractions of Duguetia furfuracea, and antioxidant and antifungal activity. Methods. The chemical profile was carried out by H...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2016/7821051
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are several oxidative stress-related pathways interconnecting Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes, two public health problems worldwide. Coincidences are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate they are the same disorder. However, some pathological mechanisms as observed in diabetes are not necessa...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1155/2015/985845
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:UVA irradiation induced ROS-mediated photo damage to the human skin leading to coarseness, wrinkling, pigmentation, and cutaneous malignancies. We investigated the dermatoprotective efficacies of submicromolar concentrations of ergothioneine (EGT, 0.125-0.5 μM), which occurs naturally as a sulfur-containing amino acid...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2020/2576823
更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin diseases associated with inflammation or oxidative stress represent the most common problem in dermatology. The present study demonstrates that fish scale collagen peptides (FSCP) protect against CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity and TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Our study is th...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2017/9703609
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by sperm metabolism. While, ROS are required for maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, they also modify many peroxidable cellular compounds. There is production of ROS during cryopreservation and frozen spermatozoa are highly sensitive to lipid peroxidation (LPO). ...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4161/oxim.2.3.8804
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent type of cell death distinct from apoptosis or necrosis characterized by accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The combination of siramesine, a lysosomotropic agent, and lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), synergistically induced cell death in breast cancer cells media...
journal_title：Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1155/2019/9561281
更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00
