Abstract:
BACKGROUND:There are no tested methods for conducting epidemiological studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in adult general population samples. We tested the validity of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule module-4 (ADOS-4) and the 20-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-20). METHOD:Randomly sampled adults aged ≥16 years were interviewed throughout England in a general population multi-phase survey. The AQ-20 was self-completed by 7353 adults in phase 1. A random subset completed phase 2, ADOS-4 assessments (n=618); the probability of selection increased with AQ-20 score. In phase 3, informant-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) developmental assessments were completed (n=56). Phase 1 and 2 data were presented as vignettes to six experienced clinicians (working in pairs). The probability of respondents having an ASD was compared across the three survey phases. RESULTS:There was moderate agreement between clinical consensus diagnoses and ADOS-4. A range of ADOS-4 caseness thresholds was identified by clinicians: 5+ to 13+ with greatest area under the curve (AUC) at 5+ (0.88). Modelling of the presence of ASD using 56 DISCO assessments suggested an ADOS-4 threshold in the range of 10+ to 13+ with the highest AUC at ADOS 10+ to 11+ (0.93-0.94). At ADOS 10+, the sensitivity was 1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.0] and the specificity 0.86 (95% CI 0.72-0.94). The AQ-20 was only a weak predictor of ADOS-4 cases. CONCLUSIONS:Clinically recommended ADOS-4 thresholds are also recommended for community cases: 7+ for subthreshold and 10+ for definite cases. Further work on adult population screening methods is needed.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Brugha TS,McManus S,Smith J,Scott FJ,Meltzer H,Purdon S,Berney T,Tantam D,Robinson J,Radley J,Bankart Jdoi
10.1017/S0033291711001292subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
647-56issue
3eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291711001292journal_volume
42pub_type
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