Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Previous research has established the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic disorders. Whether cannabis use is related to transition to psychosis in patients at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remains unclear. The present study aimed to review the existing evidence on the association between cannabis use and transition to psychosis in UHR samples. METHOD:A search of PsychInfo, Embase and Medline was conducted from 1996 to August 2015. The search yielded 5559 potentially relevant articles that were selected on title and abstract. Subsequently 36 articles were screened on full text for eligibility. Two random-effects meta-analyses were performed. First, we compared transition rates to psychosis of UHR individuals with lifetime cannabis use with non-cannabis-using UHR individuals. Second, we compared transition rates of UHR individuals with a current DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence diagnosis with lifetime users and non-using UHR individuals. RESULTS:We found seven prospective studies reporting on lifetime cannabis use in UHR subjects (n = 1171). Of these studies, five also examined current cannabis abuse or dependence. Lifetime cannabis use was not significantly associated with transition to psychosis [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.856-1.524, p = 0.37]. A second meta-analysis yielded an OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.135-2.710, p = 0.01), indicating a significant association between current cannabis abuse or dependence and transition to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS:Our results show that cannabis use was only predictive of transition to psychosis in those who met criteria for cannabis abuse or dependence, tentatively suggesting a dose-response relationship between current cannabis use and transition to psychosis.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Kraan T,Velthorst E,Koenders L,Zwaart K,Ising HK,van den Berg D,de Haan L,van der Gaag Mdoi
10.1017/S0033291715002329subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
673-81issue
4eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978pii
S0033291715002329journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002315
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aggression has been suggested to be related to abnormal brain 5-HT activity. This amine is synthesized in brain from tryptophan, which is transported through the blood-brain barrier in competition with other amino acids. The relationship between tryptophan and its endogenous amino acid competitors in plasma ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291796003935
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the stress sensitization hypothesis, prior exposure to extreme stressors may lead to increased responsiveness to subsequent stressors. It is unclear whether disaster exposure is associated with stress sensitization and, if so, whether this effect is lasting or temporary. This study aimed to inve...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002765
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most evidence in the UK on the effectiveness of brief therapy for depression concerns cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In a trial published in 2000, we showed that non-directive counselling and CBT were equally effective in general practice for patients with depression and mixed anxiety and depression. Our...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713002377
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Risk factors that are associated with depression in the mother also negatively affect the child. This research sought to extend current knowledge by examining the duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of: (1) the impact of dependent interpersonal stress (DIS), such as partner conflict or ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712002450
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two severe eating disorders associated with high premature mortality, suicidal risk and serious medical complications. Transition between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa over the illness course and familial co-aggregation of the two eating disorders imply aetiolo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719002976
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and nine adults were screened in the community using the abridged version of the CIDI (CIDIS). The subjects comprised DSM-III-R current cases (N = 48), lifetime cases (N = 31) and non-cases (N = 30). The interviews with the 109 subjects were conducted by one of two pairs of clinicians and videotaped. Each ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700034632
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of a survey of the burdens and needs for items of care of 45 supporters of long-term users of psychiatric day care facilities in Camberwell. The supporters reported high levels of disturbed behaviour and low levels of self-care skills in the attenders. They were also subject to high levels of soc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700024326
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to explore the impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health status in general population in different affected areas in China. METHODS:This was a comparative study including two groups of participants: (1) general population in an online survey in Ya'an and Jingzhou cities during the COVID...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004717
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Structural models of emotional disorders propose that anxiety disorders can be classified into fear and distress disorders. Sources of evidence for this distinction come from genetic, self-report and neurophysiological data from adults. The present study examined whether this distinction relates to cognitive...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000779
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, few recent American studies have examined the attributes of long-term heavy cannabis users. METHOD:Using a case-control design, we obtained psychological and demographic measures on 108 individuals, age 30-55, who had smoked cannab...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291703008560
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (NPMS) programme was partly designed to monitor trends in mental disorders, including depression, with comparable data spanning 1993 to 2007. Findings already published from this programme suggest that concerns about increasing prevalence of common mental disorders (...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171200013X
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:White matter (WM) impairments have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and those at high familial risk of developing BD. However, the distribution of these impairments has not been well characterized. Few studies have examined WM integrity in young people early in the course of illness and i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716001161
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The usefulness of any diagnostic scheme is directly related to its ability to provide clinically useful information on need for care. In this study, the clinical usefulness of dimensional and categorical representations of psychotic psychopathology were compared. METHOD:A total of 706 patients aged 16-65 ye...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291798008162
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are no evidence-based treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). This study evaluated the relative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-AN) and specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) for adults with SE-AN. METHOD:Sixty-three participants with a diagnosis of AN, who...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000949
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Results of adulthood mental health of those born late-preterm (34 + 0-36 + 6 weeks + days of gestation) are mixed and based on national registers. We examined if late-preterm birth was associated with a higher risk for common mental disorders in young adulthood when using a diagnostic interview, and if this ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000830
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Controlled prospective studies of the simultaneous long-term outcome of several mental disorders are rare. This study sought to determine if there were important differences between the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders after 12 years and to examine their main predictors. METHOD:A cohort of 210 pe...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704002569
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression increases the risk of subsequent vascular events in both cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Atherosclerosis, the underlying process leading to vascular events, has been associated with depression. This association, however, may be confounded by the somatic-affective symptoms being a consequence of ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291710002151
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health anxiety (HA) is associated with increased risk of disability, increased health care utilization and reduced quality of life. However, there is no consensus on which factors are important for the level of HA. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution of HA in a general adult population and ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720004122
更新日期:2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of childhood anxiety disorders (CADs) is likely to depend on pathways that can be programmed by early-life risk factors. We test the hypothesis that early-life maternal factors can predict this programming effect on CAD. METHODS:Data were obtained from 198 women and children from the Mercy P...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720002147
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::A consecutive series of 45 female bulimic patients treated by one of us was followed four to six years after termination of treatment. Thirty-five (78%) were successfully followed, six refused to participate in the study and four were untraced. At least seven (16%) had diagnosable bulimia nervosa at follow-up, and at ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700005766
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levinger & Clarke (1961) found that subjects tended to forget more word associations to emotional rather than neutral words. Kline (1981) regarded this study as providing 'irrefutable evidence for the Freudian concept of repression'. On the other hand, results from Kleinsmith & Kaplan (1964) suggested that this effect...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700017669
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We assess claims that the documented rise in psychiatric morbidity during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was associated with an increasing incidence of schizophrenia. METHOD:Cross-sectional epidemiological comparison of the incidence of schizophrenia in one urban, industrialized community at three p...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291705004939
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been much recent excitement about the possibility that some cases of psychosis may be wholly due to brain-reactive antibodies, with antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex reported in a few patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002689
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that a high level of agreement between informants' reports about events and happenings ('objective' data) is a sound basis for establishing (a) the validity of the measure which is based on the reports, and (b) the nature of objective reality. In this paper it is argued that such agreement may not...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700047486
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function was investigated in 72 patients with primary depression. Forty-four per cent of the patients demonstrated abnormal suppression of their cortisol levels after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Patients with abnormal suppression ('non-suppressors') were not cle...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700019711
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A multi-centre, four-arm trial (the PACE trial) found that rehabilitative cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) were more effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) than specialist medical care (SMC) alone, when each was added to SMC, and more effective than adaptiv...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000020
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Public figures are at increased risk of attracting unwanted attention in the form of intrusions, stalking and, occasionally, attack. Whereas the potential threat to the British Royal Family from terrorists and organized groups is clearly defined, there is a dearth of knowledge about that from individual hara...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709005443
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of psychiatric disorder, as assessed by both the GHQ-28 and the short PSE, is described for a random community sample of New Zealand women. In contrast to previous studies, married and widowed women and mothers showed lower rates than the never married and childless women. A plausible explanation is pro...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700009909
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Victims of war captivity sometimes suffer from complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a unique form of PTSD that entails various alterations in personality. These alterations may involve changes in attachment orientation. METHOD:The sample comprised two groups of veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur Wa...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708002808
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00