Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Asylum seekers show high prevalence of depressive disorders compared to native populations. For the assessment of depression, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used instrument that has shown high validity and reliability. However, it is largely unknown whether PHQ-9 scores are comparable between asylum seekers living in Western countries and native populations, and whether results can be interpreted without reservation. METHOD:Data from asylum seekers living in Germany (n = 243) and Germans without a migration background (n = 171) were used to analyze measurement invariance of the PHQ-9. Configural, scalar, and metric invariance was investigated, and test functioning was determined. RESULTS:The PHQ-9 was not measurement invariant across Germans without a migration background and asylum seekers living in Germany. Differences were found regarding metric invariance and scalar invariance. The items anhedonia, depressed mood, appetite changes, psychomotor changes, and suicidal ideation had lower loadings and lower thresholds in asylum seekers compared to Germans without a migration background. That led to an overestimation translated into approximately one point on the sum-score. LIMITATIONS:The study limitations include a heterogeneous sample of asylum seekers regarding countries of origin, and the utilization of the different language versions of the PHQ-9. CONCLUSION:Our results may have implications for studies comparing levels of depression between asylum seekers and native Western samples. Even with the same latent level of depression, asylum seekers may have higher scores on several items and consequently a higher sum score. Therefore, the present results suggest a new determination or differentiation of the cut-off scores that were derived from Western samples.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Grupp F,Piskernik B,Mewes Rdoi
10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.055subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-01 00:00:00pages
451-458eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(19)30692-5journal_volume
262pub_type
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