Abstract:
:Community health workers (CHWs) have gained increased visibility in the United States. We discuss how to strengthen the roles of CHWs to enable them to become collaborative leaders in dramatically changing health care from "sickness care" systems to systems that provide comprehensive care for individuals and families and supports community and tribal wellness. We recommend drawing on the full spectrum of CHWs' roles so that they can make optimal contributions to health systems and the building of community capacity for health and wellness. We also urge that CHWs be integrated into "community health teams" as part of "medical homes" and that evaluation frameworks be improved to better measure community wellness and systems change.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Balcazar H,Rosenthal EL,Brownstein JN,Rush CH,Matos S,Hernandez Ldoi
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300386subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
2199-203issue
12eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2011.300386journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS:We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a docume...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300392
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Syphilis in the United States is focally distributed, with high incidence rates in the South and in metropolitan areas nationwide. In this study an ecological analysis, using the county as the unit of analysis, was performed to generate hypotheses about community-level determinants of syphilis rates. METHOD...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.1937
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study, using data abstracted between 1983 and 1987 from a large perinatal registry, was conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and ectopic pregnancy. Women with ectopic pregnancy (n = 634) seen at University of Illinois Perinatal Network Hospitals were compared to women who were delivered...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.9.1239
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed trends in HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users in New York City from 1990 to 1997. METHODS:Injection drug users were recruited continuously from a large drug detoxification treatment program (N = 2588) and a research storefront located in a high-drug-use area (N = 2701). Informe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.7.1112
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS:Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.805
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of body fatness and leanness is examined in an ongoing prospective nutrition and growth study. Individual skinfold thicknesses, relative weights, weight gains, activity levels, and caloric intakes were examined at seven ages between 6 months and 9 years. Changes in body fatness in this group of childre...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.9.968
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improving oral health is a leading population health goal; however, curricula preparing health professionals have a dearth of oral health content and clinical experiences. We detail an educational and clinical innovation transitioning the traditional head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat (HEENT) examination to the additi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302495
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper models the prevailing political attack on government as a heuristic, a judgmental strategy that simplifies complex phenomena by applying simple tests to a limited set of relevant data. The heuristic of market individualism offers three tools for analyzing the problems of governing: the supremacy of the free...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1607
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists have expressed concern about constraints upon the conduct of epidemiological research imposed by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), attorneys, and both institutional and individual health services providers. The epidemiologists assert that these constraints, not necessarily required by law or sound po...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.10.1155
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by 901 high school students in two Arkansas communities, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance. Results showed that 36.7 per cent of males and 2.2 per cent of females currently used smokeless tobacco. Modal responses indicated that if smok...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.2.190
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated how state-level firearms legislation is associated with firearm ownership and storage among families with preschool-aged children. METHODS:Using 2005 nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n = 8100), we conducted multinomial regression models...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301928
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined individual, friend or family, and community or tribe correlates of suicidality in a representative on-reserve sample of First Nations adolescents. METHODS:Data came from the 2002-2003 Manitoba First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey of Youth. Interviews were conducted with adolescents ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300385
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For systematic reviews to have an impact on public health, they must report outcomes that are important for decision-making. Systematic reviews of public health interventions, however, have a range of potential end users, and identifying and prioritizing the most important and relevant outcomes represents a considerab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.306061
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Hospitalization of nursing home residents is a growing, poorly defined problem. The purposes of this study were to define rates, patterns, costs, and outcomes of hospitalizations from nursing homes and to consider implications for reducing this problem as part of health care reform. METHODS:Communitywide nu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.10.1615
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the costs associated with reducing class sizes in kindergarten through grade 3 as well as the effects of small class sizes on selected outcomes such as quality-adjusted life-years and future earnings. METHODS:We used multiple data sets to predict changes in the outcomes assessed according to le...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.105478
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were employed from confirmed measles case reports and an immunization survey to estimate the apparent effectiveness of measles vaccine in Los Angeles County in 1976. We evaluated the age-specific proportions of our case load arising from persons erroneously thought to possess immunity. Thirty five per cent of our...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.10.1055
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demands of equity and efficiency require a program of universal health insurance in the United States through which all workers will be provided by their employers with health insurance for themselves and their dependents, unemployment will no longer result in the loss of health insurance protection, and federal s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.5.583
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four years have passed since the institution of the cease-fire in Yugoslavia, and questions remain as to how Kosovar women are faring in the country's postwar reconstruction. Reports, albeit fragmented, suggest that violence against women began to increase in 1998 and 1999. This trend continued through 2001, even whil...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.8.1304
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a 13-year period, 59 per cent of 28,561 smokers decreased the tar and nicotine (T/N) level in the cigarettes they smoked without changing the number of cigarettes smoked to any important extent. On the other hand, more than 54 per cent of the "less than one pack a day" smokers as compared to only 25 per cent of t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.12.1274
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the study was to analyze overall and cause-specific mortality among injection drug users in Rome. METHODS:A cohort of 4200 injection drug users was enrolled in drug treatment centers from 1980 through 1988 and followed up until December 1992. RESULTS:The age-adjusted mortality rate from all ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.851
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on the capacity of local communities to mobilize for action. Yet the literature offers few systematic investigations of what communities are doing to ensure support for enrollment. In this empirical case study, we report implementation and outcomes of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Doctor of Public Health degree is designed to build leadership skills and an ability to contribute to the evidence base of practice. The competency-based, distance-format, doctoral-level program for midcareer professionals features an action learning appr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302331
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated how persons from key populations at higher risk of HIV exposure interpreted the process and outcomes of the Step Study HIV-1 vaccine trial, which was terminated early, and implications for willingness to participate in and community support for HIV vaccine research. METHODS:We used qualitati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300208
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated changes in community-based agencies following the implementation of the Medicare prospective payment system for hospitals utilizing DRGs (diagnosis-related groups). Data were collected in 1986 and 1987 from 771 community service providers. There were five major findings: 1) hospital discharge planners,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.7.840
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why are men more susceptible to heart disease than women? Traditional risk factors cannot explain the gender gap in coronary heart disease (CHD) or the rapid increase in CHD mortality among middle-aged men in many of the newly independent states of Eastern Europe. However, Eastern European men score higher on stress-r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.5.768
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the lifetime prevalence of official investigations for child maltreatment among children in the United States. METHODS:We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files (2003-2014) and Census data to develop synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of feedback and financial incentives on physician compliance with cancer screening guidelines for women 50 years of age and older in a Medicaid health maintenance organization (HMO). METHODS:Half of 52 primary care sites received the intervention, which inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1699
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To describe partnerships between US local health departments (LHDs) and community organizations and assess the relationship between the types of activities performed in these partnerships and LHD engagement in population-based activities to prevent mental health conditions.Methods. Data were derived from 4...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305646
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclone Hudah struck the northeastern coast of Madagascar in the spring of 2000. Over a 5-month period, 11 700 relief kits consisting of bottles of water disinfectant and foldable jerry cans were distributed to the affected population. Five months after the cyclone, a survey was conducted in 12 villages to determine t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.10.1577
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of giardiasis occurred following a family party for 25 persons. Nine who had eaten fruit salad became ill, compared with one who had not eaten the salad (Relative Risk = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4, 169.3). The fruit salad preparer had a diapered child and a pet rabbit at home who were both positive for Giardia lamb...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.10.1259
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00