Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:1) To determine the influenza vaccination coverage required to establish herd immunity, and 2) to assess whether the percentages of vaccination coverage proposed and those registered in the United States and Europe are sufficient to establish herd immunity. METHODS:The vaccination coverage required to establish herd immunity was determined by taking into account the number of secondary cases per infected case (R(o)) and the vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS:The required percentage that would have been required to establish herd immunity against previous influenza viruses ranged from 13% to 100% for the 1918-19, 1957-58, 1968-69 and 2009-10 pandemic viruses, and from 30% to 40% for the 2008-09 epidemic virus. The objectives of vaccination coverage proposed in the United States - 80% in healthy persons and 90% in high-risk persons - are sufficient to establish herd immunity, while those proposed in Europe - only 75% in elderly and high-risk persons - are not sufficient. The percentages of vaccination coverage registered in the United States and Europe are not sufficient to establish herd immunity. CONCLUSION:The influenza vaccination coverage must be increased in the United States and Europe in order to establish herd immunity. It is necessary to develop new influenza prevention messages based on herd immunity.
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
Plans-Rubió Pdoi
10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.02.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
72-7issue
1eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260pii
S0091-7435(12)00058-8journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effects of diet and exercise on serum triglycerides (Trig), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and the HDL to TC ratio (HDL/TC) were evaluated in 45 men training continuously for a duration of 6 months. Body mass index (BMI), percentage bo...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(83)90237-2
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Parental and children behaviors can be associated with health promotion and illness prevention in preschool children. METHODS:We interviewed mothers of 804 out of 1000 households with children aged 3 to 5 years randomly sampled in Tokyo, in 1997. Child health status was categorized as: "good", that is, good...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of monogamy (in practice) as a strategy for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was investigated. By reviewing recent literature surrounding monogamous relationships and sexual behaviors, the authors determined that monogamy might not prevent against STIs as expected. First, the authors eluci...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.006
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although socioeconomic, behavioural, psychological, and biological factors have been individually linked to multimorbidity, data on the importance of these factors are limited. Our study aimed to determine the leading predictors for multimorbidity of chronic conditions in middle-aged Australian adults using machine le...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106260
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the fall of 1986 the North Karelia Project in cooperation with Finnish TV 2 arranged an eight-part nationwide smoking cessation TV program. The Project, also arranged a smoking cessation contest coinciding with the TV program in cooperation with four major voluntary public health organizations and the nat...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(92)90007-5
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Internet has opened up new possibilities in public health, yet to date, there are few examples of online health interventions that go beyond information provision. This paper describes the users and return rates of an effective intervention for smoking cessation that has gone online. METHODS:Open enroll...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.038
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to tobacco and alcohol advertising has been associated with adolescent substance use. However, it is not clear whether favorable reactions to advertising are an antecedent to or a consequence of substance use. This study investigated relationships between adolescents' levels of susceptibility to sub...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1995.1074
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smokers who identified smoking cessation as the primary activity they could undertake to improve their health were compared with smokers who did not identify smoking cessation. Examined factors included personal characteristics, health status, smoking attitudes and behaviors, and social factors. METHODS:Sub...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1995.1063
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Findings from the Life Span Study (LSS) of the health effects of exposure to atomic bomb radiation have documented a strong dose-response relation between radiation exposure and breast cancer incidence. PURPOSE:We analyzed data from the LSS cohort to identify nonradiation risk factors for breast cancer and ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1996.9979
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although U.S. college graduates are at relatively low risk for smoking, 12-15% of U.S. smokers (~8 million people) are college graduates. Few studies have examined smoking risk among college graduates. To address that gap, the present study examined smoking risk among U.S. college graduates and those who did not gradu...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105853
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Brazil, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death among men, and the third most common among women. We aimed to examine CRC screening-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians and nurses working in Brazil's network of health units, and to describe the capacit...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.021
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relapse remains the most refractory aspect of nicotine dependence, but little is known about relapse that occurs after a period of prolonged abstinence (i.e., "late relapse"). METHOD:The current study examined the prevalence and predictors of late relapse/sustained abstinence in a community-based, longitudi...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.028
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the disease and cost burdens, Multiple Health Behavior Research represents the future of preventive medicine. Growing evidence in this special issue and beyond indicates that simultaneous and sequential interventions can be effective. The challenge for the future is to make such interventions more effective, cos...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.015
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During vacations, many individuals receive high-risk sun exposure that is associated with skin cancer. Vacationers in outdoor recreation venues (pretest n=4347; posttest n=3986) at warm-weather destination resorts in North America (n=41) were enrolled in a pair-matched, group-randomized pretest-posttest controlled qua...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.014
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This paper estimates the rates of lifetime nonreceipt of influenza immunization among elderly and examines variations in the lifetime nonreceipt of immunization by gender, race and ethnic group, socioeconomic status, access to health care, and health status. METHODS:Cross-sectional, nationally representative...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.017
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine whether attainment of clinical and lifestyle targets varied by race and sex among adults with diabetes onset in older adulthood. This study included 1420 black and white adults from the REGARDS study without diabetes at baseline (2003-07) but with diabetes onset at the foll...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106217
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Interventions targeting children's dietary behavior often include strategies that target parents as implementation agents of change, though parent involvement on intervention effectiveness is unclear. The present study systematically assessed (1) reporting of reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.030
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite growing public awareness, health systems are struggling under the escalating burden of non-communicable diseases. While personal responsibility is crucial, alone it is insufficient. We argue that one must place themselves within the broader/global context to begin to truly understand the health implications of...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.05.006
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes has an enormous impact on the health care system and individuals. Dietary habits, exercise, weight management, and smoking status are critical to management and prevention of complications. This study describes the prevalence of these behaviors and their change over time in a national sample ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2000.0658
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report evaluates the effectiveness of various measures to control the size of illicit cigarette trade in Kenya. It is based on a literature review, a review of conference proceedings/materials, online searches, and analyses of data from the National Statistical Office of Kenya, ERC, and Euromonitor. I used both p...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.025
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether political mistrust in the Riksdag (the national parliament in Sweden) is an independent characteristic of cannabis smokers, or whether it reflects low confidence in people in general, and therefore low social capital. METHOD:The 2004 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional p...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.003
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiologic studies report a significant association between alcohol consumption and elevations in both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a multivariate analysis of physical examination and other data on 721 men and 697 women aged 20 or more collected du...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(85)90016-7
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of installing sidewalks to increase levels of transport-walking. METHODS:Secondary analysis using logistic regression established the association of sidewalks with transport-walking using two transport-walking thresholds of 150 and 60 min/week using Western Aust...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.041
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Participants in various components of a televised self-help smoking cessation program, based on the American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking in 20 Days, are compared with a sample of the population of smokers to whom the intervention was addressed. Over 325,000 smokers in the target population were exposed to ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(91)90037-5
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between strength training (ST) behavior and mortality remains understudied in large, national samples, although smaller studies have observed that greater amounts of muscle strength are associated with lower risks of death. We aimed to understand the association between meeting ST guidelines...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.038
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intent of this study was to compare bicycle network connectivity for different types of bicyclists and different neighborhoods. Connectivity was defined as the ability to reach important destinations, such as grocery stores, banks, and elementary schools, via pathways or roads with low vehicle volumes and low spee...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A significant percentage of the U.S. population has multiple poor health behaviors. Understanding the relationship among these behavioral risk factors is important for designing effective multiple risk factor interventions. While there is some evidence suggesting that participation in physical exercise may h...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1996.0107
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary time (ST) are associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older people. However, their independent contribution and importance of duration of PA and ST bouts remain unclear. We investigated associations between objectively measured PA, ST and n...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.031
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The effects and constancy of a worksite physical exercise intervention were examined in relation to the physical fitness, perceived health status, and work ability of female service workers during periods of 1 and 5 years. METHODS:The subjects comprised female home care workers divided into an intervention g...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2001.0837
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Youth who experience alcohol-related problems are at increased risk for developing alcohol dependence. Identifying factors associated with adolescent alcohol-related problems is essential, but most studies have focused on risk factors or a limited number of protective factors, with little attention to sex differences....
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.042
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
