Torticollis.

Abstract:

:Torticollis refers to a twisting of the head and neck caused by a shortened sternocleidomastoid muscle, tipping the head toward the shortened muscle, while rotating the chin in the opposite direction. Torticollis is seen at all ages, from newborns to adults. It can be congenital or postnatally acquired. In this review, we offer a new classification of torticollis, based on its dynamic qualities and pathogenesis. All torticollis can be classified as either nonparoxysmal (nondynamic) or paroxysmal (dynamic). Causes of nonparoxysmal torticollis include congenital muscular; osseous; central nervous system/peripheral nervous system; ocular; and nonmuscular, soft tissue. Causes of paroxysmal torticollis are benign paroxysmal; spasmodic (cervical dystonia); Sandifer syndrome; drugs; increased intracranial pressure; and conversion disorder. The description, epidemiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most clinically significant types of torticollis follow.

journal_name

J Child Neurol

authors

Tomczak KK,Rosman NP

doi

10.1177/0883073812469294

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-03-01 00:00:00

pages

365-78

issue

3

eissn

0883-0738

issn

1708-8283

pii

0883073812469294

journal_volume

28

pub_type

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