Abstract:
:Hard flaccid (HF) is a group of symptoms that significantly affects a man's sexual and social life. As this syndrome has only been reported in several patient forums, exact prevalence of this rare condition is unknown. Currently, no scientific literature exists of the syndrome. We, hereby, aimed to present four cases suffering from HF and compare the common signs and symptoms with those reported in patient forums. We searched internet forums, chat groups, and private support groups to collect information about symptoms of HF patients. We have identified several complaints regarding penis, erections, libido, urination, and ejaculation. Moreover, we have also collected common findings of laboratory and imaging tests that are used in the workup of HF. The majority of the HF patients is in their 20s-30s. Patients usually seek medical advice due to the following complaints: penile sensory changes (numb or cold), semi-rigid penis at the flaccid state, decreased frequency of morning and/or nocturnal erections, loss in erectile rigidity, difficulty in achieving and maintaining their erections, need for excessive physical or visual stimulation to become erect, and pain on ejaculation and/or urination. Psychological symptoms are usually present ranging from mild anxiety to severe depression. Moreover, laboratory and imaging tests are often unremarkable. Our cases included men between the ages of 22 and 34 years of age and they all reported the onset of their symptoms after a trauma during sexual intercourse or tough masturbation. Compared with reports in patient forums, many of these symptoms (except the urination problems) were observed in our patients and the imaging/laboratory tests were inconclusive. The patients were provided daily/on-demand phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, which were not effective. Currently, HF syndrome has not been universally recognized by urologists and a number of patients seem to suffer from this disorder. In order to raise awareness of this clinical phenomenon, HF must be recognized by professional organizations and a better understanding of the disorder must be established.
journal_name
Int J Impot Resjournal_title
International journal of impotence researchauthors
Gul M,Towe M,Yafi FA,Serefoglu ECdoi
10.1038/s41443-019-0133-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
176-179issue
2eissn
0955-9930issn
1476-5489pii
10.1038/s41443-019-0133-zjournal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is an important cause of iatrogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). While sildenafil has been widely used since its introduction as a new treatment option for ED, its efficacy in post-RRP patients has not been extensively studied. We retrospectively compared the efficacy of sildenafil...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900525
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians dealing with sexual dysfunction (SD) must consider the psychological and behavioral aspects of their patient's diagnosis and management, as well as organic causes and risk factors. Integrating sex therapy and other psychological techniques into their office practice will improve effectiveness in treating SD...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901075
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction refractory to nonsurgical management. The infrapubic approach for IPP placement is less frequently employed than the penoscrotal approach, with only about 25% of IPPs placed via this method. Underutilization of the infrapubic method ...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0193-0
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penile erection is completely dependent on commands from the central nervous system. Spinal centers controlling penile erection are located in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord. These centers are activated by information from the periphery and supraspinal nuclei so as to elicit penile erection in a variety...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transient receptor potential cationic channel type A1 (TRPA1), belonging to a superfamily of cationic membrane channels, has been suggested to act as mechano- and pain sensor and, thus, to play a role in neurotransmission in the human body, including the urogenital tract. While the expression of TRPA1 has been inv...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2014.23
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have reduced efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in conditions where there is a lack of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, NO-releasing PDE5 inhibitors have been developed. Here we report the effect of such a compound, NCX-911, on the tone and nitrergic relax...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901157
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to investigate whether the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway is involved in the neurotransmission of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) activation-induced penile erection in the rat. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital were used. The femoral artery was...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900825
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to determine rate and related factors of dyspareunia. Three hundred and nineteen women aged 15-49 years were surveyed. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Pelvic examinations and connective tissue disorders were investigated. At whole 54.5% had dyspareunia. The means of gravidity, parity...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901495
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using our prospectively derived database, we identified 17 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma involving the glans penis, who were treated using organ-sparing surgery between March 2003 and January 2008. Of them, two were treated with partial glansectomy with primary glans closure, and 15 underwent total glans amput...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2009.17
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-linked dextran and polymethylmethacrylate mixture (Lipen-10) is newly developed tissue filler. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tolerability and efficacy of Lipen-10 on penile enhancement. Twenty adult males were included in this study. Lipen-10 was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the penile sh...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2012.41
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A lack of uniformity exists for insurance payer coverage for all categories of penile prostheses (PP). We sought to determine common insurance coverage criteria and barriers to implantation across common insurance plans from healthcare referral regions (HRR) nationwide. Coverage criteria and stipulations were reviewed...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0226-8
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a commonly performed procedure for the management of prostate cancer. While documented oncologic outcome for early stage disease is excellent, functional impairments such as incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common after the procedure. Recent evidence has implicated cavernous...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.26
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature ejaculation (PE), the most common sexual dysfunctions in men, is characterized by loss or absence of ejaculatory control. PE can be classified as either a lifelong or acquired condition. Although the prevalence of lifelong PE is rather low in the general male population, recent studies demonstrated that the ...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ijir.2012.12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for dysfunctions of the endocrine system and inflammation conditions. However, the effect of adlay seed on the endocrine system has not yet been reported. In the present study, the effects and the mechanisms of metha...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901405
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to characterize the effect of experimental diabetes on neurotransmission in rat vagina. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: non-diabetic controls (NDM, n=38) and diabetics (DM, n=38). DM was produced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Eight weeks later the ani...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900648
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be an early and first sign of an underlying systemic disease. A screening program is offered by the Israeli Defense Force for career servicemen at the staff periodic examination center (SPEC), the aim of which was early detection of morbidity. We introduced the Sexual Human Inventory for ...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901173
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk factors among men with erectile dysfunction (ED) at a hospital-based primary care clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary care clinic in the King Khalid University Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), during the...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2009.36
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been studied so far. Hence, we decided to investigate the erectile function score in patients with CAE. We investigated the international index of erectile function (IIEF)-5 score in 34 men with CAE, 38 men with coronary artery di...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isometric tension measurement using a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor (+)- (R)-trans4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632) and a selective myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML7) were used in rabbit clitoral caver...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900911
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penile implant malfunction is usually treated by removal of the original malfunctioning implant followed by replacement with a new device. During replacement, the original implant can be explanted without any difficulty, as it is not adherent to the surrounding tissue. Herein, we describe two cases of tissue ingrowth ...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901217
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive research into the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA), no report of its effect on erectile function exists. We performed this study to investigate the effect of BPA on erectile function. New Zealand white rabbits were treated intraperitoneally with 150 mg/kg of BPA every other day for 12 days (cumulative d...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900734
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several analyses have demonstrated a clinically useful relationship between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Both prostate volume and serum PSA predict certain aspects of the natural history of LUTS and BPH...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ijir.2008.53
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual dysfunction is a common problem of increasing incidence that is associated with multiple co-morbid conditions and chronic diseases. In heart failure, however, exact numbers are unknown, in part secondary to under-reporting and under-interrogating by health care providers. A gender-specific questionnaire was mod...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901613
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. To understand the mechanism(s) of hypercholesterolemia-induced erectile dysfunction, we studied the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the membrane conductance of corporal smooth muscle cells. We used cultured human corporal smooth muscle ce...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901356
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A concise, reliable means of assessing erectile dysfunction (ED) in large, multidisciplinary population-based studies is needed. A single, direct question for self-assessed ED was assessed in the population-based sample of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS). Of the 1156 respondents to the 1995-97 MMAS follow-up...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900542
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of medical students and medical healthcare providers do not feel comfortable when addressing sexual problems. It was suggested that more courses in sexual health are needed at medical schools to overcome this shortcoming. To assess medical students' interest in and attitude about sexual health education a...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2016.25
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators may play an important role in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED). A total of 36 patients with ED, organogenic [diabetic (n=12) and nondiabetic (n=12)] and psychogenic (n=12) etiology, and 12 healthy adult men as controls were included. The levels of en...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901059
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gynecomastia is an unusual side effect associated with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) that has been traditionally treated with surgery, radiation, or discontinuation of testosterone supplementation. We report here our experience with two cases of gynecomastia in men undergoing TRT who were successfully treated...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901154
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper: (i) describes the worldwide prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED); (ii) presents age-specific incidence rates for ED in the US; (iii) summarizes some key epidemiologic correlates of ED in the general population; and (iv) considers the possibility that ED may be a biobehavioral marker (sentinel event) of ...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900567
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, the effects of long-term testosterone (T) administration on the human vagina are not completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term T treatment on vaginal tissue histology, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) expression and proliferation in female to ma...
journal_title:International journal of impotence research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ijir.2013.9
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00