Abstract：
:The interaction between human papillomaviruses (HPV) and the apolipoprotein-B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)3 (A3) genes has garnered increasing attention in recent years, with considerable efforts focused on understanding their apparent roles in both viral editing and in HPV-driven carcinogenesis. Here, we review these developments and highlight several outstanding questions in the field. We consider whether editing of the virus and mutagenesis of the host are linked or whether both are essentially separate events, coincidentally mediated by a common or distinct A3 enzymes. We discuss the viral mechanisms and cellular signalling pathways implicated in A3 induction in virally infected cells and examine which of the A3 enzymes might play the major role in HPV-associated carcinogenesis and in the development of therapeutic resistance. We consider the parallels between A3 induction in HPV-infected cells and what might be causing aberrant A3 activity in HPV-independent cancers such as those arising in the bladder, lung and breast. Finally, we discuss the implications of ongoing A3 activity in tumours under treatment and the therapeutic opportunities that this may present.
journal_name
J Mol Endocrinoljournal_title
Journal of molecular endocrinologyauthors
Smith NJ,Fenton TRdoi
10.1530/JME-19-0011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
R269-R287issue
4eissn
0952-5041issn
1479-6813pii
JME-19-0011.R1journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) is a key enzyme for corticosteroidogenesis. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of cortisol production in fish, we have cloned a cDNA encoding P450c21, for the first time in non-mammalian vertebrates, from the head kidney of the eel (Anguilla japonica). The overall similari...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0310327
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) survives winter by decreasing food intake and catabolizing abdominal fat reserves, resulting in a sustained, profound loss of body weight. Hypothalamic tanycytes are pivotal for this process. In these cells, short-winter photoperiods upregulate deiodinase 3, an enzyme that regu...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-15-0224
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin (Lep), an adipose-derived hormone, exerts very important functions in the body mainly on energy storage and availability. The physiological effects of Lep controlling the body weight and suppressing appetite are mediated by the long form of Lep receptor in the hypothalamus. Lep receptor activates several downst...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1530/JME-12-0151
更新日期：2012-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular changes that affect the androgen receptor (AR) can cause prostate cancer to transition from androgen dependent to androgen independent, which is usually lethal. One common change in prostate tumors is overexpression of the AR, which has been shown to lead to androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cell...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/JME-07-0158
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous mouse models of prostate carcinogenesis have been developed, but hitherto there has been no model in which the prostate gland could be imaged in live animals. The transgenic model generated here targeted mouse prostate gland using a firefly luciferase enzyme under the control of a small but highly active and ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.1.01722
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), exerts its tissue-specific actions through binding to its intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) which functions as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to recognize vitamin D response elements (VDRE) and activate target genes. Up...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-19-0229
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic beta-cells are responsible for producing all of the insulin required by an organism to maintain glucose homeostasis. Defects in development, maintenance, or expansion of beta-cell mass can result in impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes. Thus, identifying the molecular regulators of these processes may p...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1677/JME-06-0053
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genetic predisposition of the host and the virus is the most important determinant for prediction of the course of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) viral infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. Transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is a crucial step for vi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/JME-06-0065
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro studies have indicated that the maturation-inducing hormone 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-DP, DHP), probably through nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr), might be involved in the proliferation of spermatogonial cells and the initiation of meiosis in several fish species. However, further in vivo evi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-13-0300
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurohypophysial nonapeptides vasotocin (VT) and mesotocin (MT) are the amphibian counterparts of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT). We have here reported the cloning and functional characterization of the receptors for vasotocin (VTR) and mesotocin (MTR) in two species of frog, Rana catesbeiana and Ran...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0330293
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reproductive hormone imbalance in infertile women is correlated to high levels of phthalates and alkylphenols, which are among endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previous studies have shown that they interfere with gene expression by deregulating levels of microRNAs (miRs), small non-coding RNAs targeting mRNAs en...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-20-0149
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Screening by differential display of oestrogen-sensitive MCF7 human breast cancer cells grown in the short-term (6 days) and long-term (70 weeks) absence of oestrogen has led to the identification of a new oestrogen-regulated mRNA. The cDNA isolated by differential display has 100% homology from nucleotides 615 to 859...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0200375
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is an intestinal incretin that regulates glucose homeostasis through stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and inhibits appetite by acting on the brain. Thus, it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Studies using s...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1530/JME-13-0137
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main regulators of aldosterone secretion in adrenal gland zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells are the hormones angiotensin II (Ang II) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and small increases in the extracellular potassium (K(+)) concentration. The action of these agonists is mediated by different signalling systems - ACTH is ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0320893
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relaxin is a peptide hormone which is produced in human reproductive tissues including the ovary and prostate gland. Little is known of the molecular events regulating relaxin gene transcription. We have studied this question using gene transfer of relaxin promoter/reporter gene constructs into a relaxin-expressing ce...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0150153
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of the rat apelin receptor (APJR) were analysed by rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5'-RACE), transient expression assays and DNA-protein interaction. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region of a rat genomic clone shows no TATA box, but a putative CAAT box and severa...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.1.01927
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of castration and gonadal steroid replacement on the concentrations of LH-beta and alpha subunit and prolactin mRNA was examined in mice. Mouse LH-beta, alpha and prolactin mRNAs were approximately 0.8, 0.7 and 1.1 kb in size respectively. After ovariectomy, LH-beta mRNA levels increased 2- to 2.5-fold, whi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0020213
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathic pain represents one of the most common complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) that impacts quality of life. Accumulating studies have highlighted the involvement of miRNAs in DM. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-155 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In vitr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-19-0067
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the action of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and intrathyroidal lymphocytes (ITLs) on the biochemical and hormonal metabolism of autologous thyrocytes cultured in follicles in a collagen gel. The production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in culture was also measured. Thyroid tissues a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0180137
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyse gene expression profiles in human ZR75-1 breast cancer cells in the presence of 17beta-oestradiol and oestrogen antagonists. Differential gene expression of a number of genes was confirmed by quantitative RNA analysis. In addition to known oestrogen-responsive genes, an...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0270259
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse knockout of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) gene, known as alphaERKO, has been extensively used for several years to study the role and function of ERalpha. Residual estradiol binding capacity in uterine tissue of 5-10% raised doubts if this knockout is a genuine null mutation of ERalpha. Although alte...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0290281
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxytocin (OXT) is a peptide hormone that plays a central role in the regulation of parturition and lactation. OXT signaling is mediated by OXT receptor (OXTR), which shows species- and tissue-specific expressions and gene regulation. In the present study, we examined the synthesis of OXT and OXTR in human placenta tis...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-16-0223
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testicular Leydig cells (LC) are modulated by several pathways, one of them being the histaminergic system. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), whose upregulation comprises the primary response to oxidative noxae, has a central homeostatic role and might dysregulate LC functions when induced. In this report, we aimed to determin...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-19-0063
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years have elapsed since the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) was first identified in bovine parathyroid and the receptor is now recognized as a fundamental contributor to extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ e) homeostasis, regulating parathyroid hormone release and urinary calcium excretion. The CaSR is a class C G-p...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1530/JME-19-0104
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens are essential for female reproduction and overall well-being, and estrogens in the circulation are largely synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. Using primary cultures of ovarian granulosa cells from gonadotropin-primed immature rats, we have recently discovered that pituitary FSH and ovarian cytokine tran...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1530/JME-14-0048
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1530/JME-16-0082
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oestrogens have a major impact on reproductive function in both males and females. Two oestrogen receptor genes known as ERalpha (ESR1NR3A1) and ERbeta (ESR2NR3A2) have been cloned. Splice variant isoforms of the ERbeta gene have been identified in human, bovine and rodents and it has been suggested that the existence...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0320703
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences in binding and structural properties of ovine testicular FSH and LH receptors were investigated. The ovine FSH receptor did not discriminate between FSH of different species, although equine FSH was more reactive. In the same tissue, however, the LH receptor showed marked preference for ovine and bovine LH...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0060291
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor regulates extracellular calcium concentrations and is therefore important for mineral homeostasis. ROS 17/2.8 cells, a rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line, express the PTH/PTHrP receptor and provide a good model for examining the transcriptional...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.0.0250309
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) with IGF-I and -II has been investigated in solution using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chemical shift perturbations in 15N- and 2H/15N-labelled IGF-I or -II upon binding to unlabelled thioredoxin-tagged bovine IGFBP-2 (Trx(1-279)IGFBP-2) have been m...
journal_title：Journal of molecular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1677/jme.1.01756
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
