Vitamin E facilitates the inactivation of the kinase Akt by the phosphatase PHLPP1.

abstract：:The role of mucin 1 (MUC1) in protecting epithelia from microbial infection, enzymatic digestion, and other irritants has been appreciated for some time. In addition, MUC1 serves as a barrier to embryo implantation. MUC1 is highly abundant in many tumors in which its role in barrier function may serve to protect cells...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Carson DD

更新日期：2008-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by VEGF binding is critical for vascular morphogenesis. In addition, VEGF disrupts the endothelial barrier by triggering the phosphorylation and turnover of the junctional molecule VE-cadherin, a process mediated by the VEGFR2 downstream effec...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Gordon EJ,Fukuhara D,Weström S,Padhan N,Sjöström EO,van Meeteren L,He L,Orsenigo F,Dejana E,Bentley K,Spurkland A,Claesson-Welsh L

更新日期：2016-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and stimulate the innate immune response through the production of cytokines. The innate immune response depends on the timing of encountering PAMPs, suggesting a short-term "memory." In particular, activation of TLR3 appears to prime ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Liu B,Liu Q,Yang L,Palaniappan SK,Bahar I,Thiagarajan PS,Ding JL

更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Nominations for this year's signaling breakthroughs spanned physiology, therapeutics and drug development, neuroscience, and plant signaling. Among the most exciting advances in mammalian biology were therapeutic applications of research that are overturning the conventional boundaries of signaling pathways,unexpected...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Adler EM

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Precise regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling is crucial for normal immune responses, and defective NF-κB activity underlies a range of immunodeficiencies. NF-κB is activated through two signaling cascades: the classical and noncanonical pathways. The classical pathway requires inhibitor of κB kinase β (IK...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Gray CM,Remouchamps C,McCorkell KA,Solt LA,Dejardin E,Orange JS,May MJ

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The accumulation of damaged or excess proteins and organelles is a defining feature of metabolic disease in nearly every tissue. Thus, a central challenge in maintaining metabolic homeostasis is the identification, sequestration, and degradation of these cellular components, including protein aggregates, mitochondria,...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Evans TD,Sergin I,Zhang X,Razani B

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The PAR-1-MARK pathway controls cell polarity through the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins. Rho-Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (ARHGEF2), which activates Ras homolog family member A (RHOA), is anchored to the microtubule network and sequestered in an inhibited state through binding to dynei...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Sandí MJ,Marshall CB,Balan M,Coyaud É,Zhou M,Monson DM,Ishiyama N,Chandrakumar AA,La Rose J,Couzens AL,Gingras AC,Raught B,Xu W,Ikura M,Morrison DK,Rottapel R

更新日期：2017-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is an adaptor protein that becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, which results in activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. IL-4 and IL-13 contribute to allergic lung inflammation. To examine the role of IR...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Dasgupta P,Dorsey NJ,Li J,Qi X,Smith EP,Yamaji-Kegan K,Keegan AD

更新日期：2016-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Netrin-1 displays proto-oncogenic activity in several cancers, which is thought to be due to the ability of this secreted cue to stimulate survival when bound to its receptors. We showed that in contrast to full-length, secreted netrin-1, some cancer cells produced a truncated intranuclear form of netrin-1 (ΔN-netrin-...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Delloye-Bourgeois C,Goldschneider D,Paradisi A,Therizols G,Belin S,Hacot S,Rosa-Calatrava M,Scoazec JY,Diaz JJ,Bernet A,Mehlen P

更新日期：2012-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Insight into the signaling pathways that regulate de novo lipogenesis may lead to new treatments for hepatic steatosis. ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wong W

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that suppress the abundance of partially complementary mRNAs and inhibit their translation. Each miRNA can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, sometimes strongly but often weakly, to mediate a diverse array of biological functions, including proliferation, cell signaling, differenti...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hata A,Lieberman J

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretory cells, such as pancreatic beta cells, face the challenge of increasing protein synthesis severalfold during acute or chronic stimulation. This poses a burden on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the organelle where proinsulin synthesis and folding takes place. Thus, beta cells use various adaptive mechanisms t...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Eizirik DL,Cnop M

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists are effective at treating heart failure. In this issue of Science Signaling, Oakley et al. provide new insight into their cardioprotective actions and highlight the importance of the opposing relationship between the MR and the related glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the res...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Chapman KE

更新日期：2019-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human disease that results from autoimmune T cells targeting myelin protein that is expressed within the central nervous system. In MS, the number of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) is reduced, which facilitates the activation of autoreactive T cells. Because aspirin (acetylsal...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mondal S,Jana M,Dasarathi S,Roy A,Pahan K

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), an activating receptor on natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T cells, recognizes stress-inducible proteins, including MICA and ULBP2, which are present on infected or transformed cells. Whether each NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) has a distinct biological role is not clear. Using superre...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Bálint Š,Lopes FB,Davis DM

更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevailing view has been that N-terminally truncated p53 family isoforms (ΔNp53, ΔNp63, and DNp73) predominantly counteract cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Recent progress in the field extend these well-known functions and place these isoforms in the center of a comprehensive regulatory network controlling major ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Engelmann D,Pützer BM

更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The CXC chemokine CXCL12 mediates the chemoattraction of T cells and enhances the stimulation of T cells through the T cell receptor (TCR). The adaptor SLP-76 [Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD] has two key tyrosine residues, Tyr(113) and Tyr(128), that mediate signaling downstream of t...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Smith X,Schneider H,Köhler K,Liu H,Lu Y,Rudd CE

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A major endpoint of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a change in the transcription of target genes. The transcription factors lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T cell factor (TCF) serve as the main gatekeepers of these changes by selecting genes to be targeted by the transcriptional coregulator beta-catenin and...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hoverter NP,Waterman ML

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is considered a key pathophysiological feature of certain neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed synucleinopathies. Given that a prion-like, cell-to-cell transfer of misfolded αSyn has been recognized in the spreading of αSyn pathology in synucleinopathies, we investigat...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Harischandra DS,Rokad D,Neal ML,Ghaisas S,Manne S,Sarkar S,Panicker N,Zenitsky G,Jin H,Lewis M,Huang X,Anantharam V,Kanthasamy A,Kanthasamy AG

更新日期：2019-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms of context-specific differences in signal transduction, such as those that occur among different cell types, are not fully understood. One possibility is that differences in the abundance of proteins change signaling outputs because these proteins compete for binding to hub proteins at critical network ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kiel C,Verschueren E,Yang JS,Serrano L

更新日期：2013-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Both synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are thought to be critical for memory formation. Dell'Acqua and co-workers now demonstrate that transient postsynaptic incorporation of Ca(2+)-permeable (CP) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is required for...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hell JW

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A central component of receptor-evoked Ca(2+) signaling is store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), which is activated by the assembly of STIM1-Orai1 channels in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) (ER-PM) junctions in response to depletion of ER Ca(2+). We report that STIM2 enhances agonist-mediated activa...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ong HL,de Souza LB,Zheng C,Cheng KT,Liu X,Goldsmith CM,Feske S,Ambudkar IS

更新日期：2015-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an endogenous secreted peptide and, in preclinical studies, preferentially induces apoptosis in tumor cells rather than in normal cells. The acquisition of resistance in cells exposed to TRAIL or its mimics limits their clinical efficacy. Because kinas...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： So J,Pasculescu A,Dai AY,Williton K,James A,Nguyen V,Creixell P,Schoof EM,Sinclair J,Barrios-Rodiles M,Gu J,Krizus A,Williams R,Olhovsky M,Dennis JW,Wrana JL,Linding R,Jorgensen C,Pawson T,Colwill K

更新日期：2015-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:When we are frightened, our hearts beat more rapidly and forcefully so we can fight more intensely or run away faster. This fight-or-flight response is triggered by the release of norepinephrine from neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Norepinephrine activates the classic β-adrenergic receptor-heterotrimeric G(...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hell JW

更新日期：2010-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is critical for salivary gland fluid secretion. We report that radiation treatment caused persistent salivary gland dysfunction by activating a TRPM2-dependent mitochondrial pathway, leading to caspase-3-mediated cleavage of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and loss of SOCE. Afte...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Liu X,Gong B,de Souza LB,Ong HL,Subedi KP,Cheng KT,Swaim W,Zheng C,Mori Y,Ambudkar IS

更新日期：2017-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Postsynaptic organizational protein complexes play central roles both in orchestrating synapse formation and in defining the functional properties of synaptic transmission that together shape the flow of information through neuronal networks. A key component of these organizational protein complexes is the family of s...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ali H,Marth L,Krueger-Burg D

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Secreted IgD concentration depends on the presence of microbiota. ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mushegian AA

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which is a member of the IL-10 family, is produced exclusively by immune cells and activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in nonimmune cells, such as hepatocytes, keratinocytes, and colonic epithelial cells, to drive various processes central to tissue...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Lim C,Hong M,Savan R

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) uses the polyamine spermidine to catalyze the hypusine modification of the mRNA translation factor eIF5A and promotes oncogenesis through poorly defined mechanisms. Because germline deletion of Dhps is embryonically lethal, its role in normal postnatal cellular function in vivo remains un...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Levasseur EM,Yamada K,Piñeros AR,Wu W,Syed F,Orr KS,Anderson-Baucum E,Mastracci TL,Maier B,Mosley AL,Liu Y,Bernal-Mizrachi E,Alonso LC,Scott D,Garcia-Ocaña A,Tersey SA,Mirmira RG

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is controlled by nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Unlike the latter, which work through classic receptors, glucose and most other nutrients do not interact with membrane receptors but must be metabolized by β cells to induce insulin secretion. Studies have revealed ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Henquin JC

更新日期：2012-08-28 00:00:00