Receptor tyrosine kinases fall into distinct classes based on their inferred signaling networks.

abstract：:Frizzleds (FZDs) are a group of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) receptors that belong to class F of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. FZDs bind WNT proteins to stimulate diverse signaling cascades involved in embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. Frizzled 5 (FZD...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wright SC,Cañizal MCA,Benkel T,Simon K,Le Gouill C,Matricon P,Namkung Y,Lukasheva V,König GM,Laporte SA,Carlsson J,Kostenis E,Bouvier M,Schulte G,Hoffmann C

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Transitional B cells must actively undergo selection for self-tolerance before maturing into their resting follicular B cell successors. We found that metabolic quiescence was acquired at the follicular B cell stage in both humans and mice. In follicular B cells, the expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Farmer JR,Allard-Chamard H,Sun N,Ahmad M,Bertocchi A,Mahajan VS,Aicher T,Arnold J,Benson MD,Morningstar J,Barmettler S,Yuen G,Murphy SJH,Walter JE,Ghebremichael M,Shalek AK,Batista F,Gerszten R,Pillai S

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescent properties of the amino acid tryptophan make it a useful tool for fluorometric assays. Because tryptophan fluorescence is remarkably sensitive to the polarity of the environment, it can be used to determine the affinity of tryptophan-containing peptides for phospholipid vesicles of varying compositions...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kraft CA,Garrido JL,Leiva-Vega L,Romero G

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biophysical methods and x-ray crystallography have revealed that class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can form homodimers. We combined computational approaches with receptor cross-linking, energy transfer, and a newly developed functional export assay to characterize the residues involved in the dimerization in...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Jin J,Momboisse F,Boncompain G,Koensgen F,Zhou Z,Cordeiro N,Arenzana-Seisdedos F,Perez F,Lagane B,Kellenberger E,Brelot A

更新日期：2018-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A system-wide analysis of cell signaling requires detecting and quantifying many different proteins and their posttranslational modification states in the same cellular sample. Here, we present Protocols for two miniaturized, array-based methods, one of which provides detailed information on a central signaling protei...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Luckert K,Gujral TS,Chan M,Sevecka M,Joos TO,Sorger PK,Macbeath G,Pötz O

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature labor and consequent neonatal mortality may be prevented by stimulating the expression of PIBF1 in uterine B cells. ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ferrarelli LK

更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channels TRIC-A and TRIC-B localize predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and likely support Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores by mediating cationic flux to maintain electrical neutrality. Deletion and point mutations in TRIC-B occur in families with autosomal ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Zhao C,Ichimura A,Qian N,Iida T,Yamazaki D,Noma N,Asagiri M,Yamamoto K,Komazaki S,Sato C,Aoyama F,Sawaguchi A,Kakizawa S,Nishi M,Takeshima H

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:One reported function of the tumor suppressor p19(Arf) is to stabilize p53, providing a critical checkpoint in the response to oncogenic insults. Acute loss of Pten leads to an increase in the abundance of p19(Arf), p53, and p21 proteins as part of a fail-safe senescence response. Here, we report that loss of p19(Arf)...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Chen Z,Carracedo A,Lin HK,Koutcher JA,Behrendt N,Egia A,Alimonti A,Carver BS,Gerald W,Teruya-Feldstein J,Loda M,Pandolfi PP

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in ERBB2, the gene encoding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member HER2, are common in and drive the growth of "HER2-negative" (not ERBB2 amplified) tumors but are rare in "HER2-positive" (ERBB2 amplified) breast cancer. We analyzed DNA-sequencing data from HER2-positive patients and used cell...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Cocco E,Javier Carmona F,Razavi P,Won HH,Cai Y,Rossi V,Chan C,Cownie J,Soong J,Toska E,Shifman SG,Sarotto I,Savas P,Wick MJ,Papadopoulos KP,Moriarty A,Cutler RE Jr,Avogadri-Connors F,Lalani AS,Bryce RP,Chandarlapa

更新日期：2018-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic diversity in human natural killer (NK) cell receptors is linked to resistance and susceptibility to many diseases. Here, we tested the effect of this diversity on the nanoscale organization of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Using superresolution microscopy, we found that inhibitory KIRs enco...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kennedy PR,Barthen C,Williamson DJ,Pitkeathly WTE,Hazime KS,Cumming J,Stacey KB,Hilton HG,Carrington M,Parham P,Davis DM

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain (mDA neurons) causes progressive loss of motor control and function. Using embryonic and mDA neurons, midbrain tissue from mice, and differentiated human neural stem cells, we investigated the mechanisms ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Zhang D,Yang S,Toledo EM,Gyllborg D,Saltó C,Carlos Villaescusa J,Arenas E

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is increased in response to reduced intracellular oxygen. Enzymes of the protein ubiquitin machinery that signal the destruction or stabilization of HIF-1alpha tightly control this transcriptional response. Here, we show that muscle ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wong W,Goehring AS,Kapiloff MS,Langeberg LK,Scott JD

更新日期：2008-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:An often-asked question is, Why are there so many different transporters in a cell to take up a particular substrate? At least part of the answer comes from work on the possible competitive advantage of dual-transporter systems. In such systems, low-affinity transporters function when a nutrient is plentiful in the en...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Eide DJ

更新日期：2012-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by a diminished response to endothelial cell-dependent vasodilators, is a hallmark of hypertension. TRPV4 channels play a major role in endothelial-dependent vasodilation, a function mediated by local Ca(2+) influx through clusters of functionally coupled TRPV4 channels rath...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Sonkusare SK,Dalsgaard T,Bonev AD,Hill-Eubanks DC,Kotlikoff MI,Scott JD,Santana LF,Nelson MT

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) attenuate diacylglycerol (DAG)-mediated signals by catalyzing the conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid. In T lymphocytes, the antigen-stimulated generation of DAG links signal strength to the intensity and duration of signaling by the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mérida I,Andrada E,Gharbi SI,Ávila-Flores A

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila, recognition of microbe-specific molecules (such as bacterial peptidoglycans) activates serine protease cascades that converge to activate the Toll pathway. Recent data show that the serine protease Grass, which is activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors and was initially thought to be a co...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ashok Y

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer cells acquire resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, but the genetic mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. We show that the c-MYC oncoprotein increases cisplatin resistance by decreasing production of the c-MYC inhibitor BIN1 (bridging integrator 1). The sensitivity of ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Pyndiah S,Tanida S,Ahmed KM,Cassimere EK,Choe C,Sakamuro D

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The symbiotic interaction between Rhizobium bacteria and legume plants leads to the induction of a new developmental program: the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Nodulation is triggered by specific bacterial signals, the Nod factors, and integrates plant developmental regulatory pathways to reactivate diffe...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Crespi M,Frugier F

更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pluripotent cytokine that regulates cell fate and plasticity in normal tissues and tumors. The multifunctional cellular responses evoked by TGF-β are mediated by the canonical SMAD pathway and by noncanonical pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hamidi A,Song J,Thakur N,Itoh S,Marcusson A,Bergh A,Heldin CH,Landström M

更新日期：2017-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A major endpoint of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a change in the transcription of target genes. The transcription factors lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T cell factor (TCF) serve as the main gatekeepers of these changes by selecting genes to be targeted by the transcriptional coregulator beta-catenin and...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hoverter NP,Waterman ML

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Most metazoans have at least some ability to regenerate damaged cells and tissues, although the regenerative capacity varies depending on the species, organ, or developmental stage. Cell replacement and regeneration occur in two contexts: renewal of spent cells during tissue homeostasis (homeostatic growth), and in re...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Bergmann A,Steller H

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectodomain shedding mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-converting enzyme [TACE; also known as ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)] provides an important switch in regulating cell proliferation, inflammation, and cancer progression. TACE-mediated ectodomain cleavage is activated by signaling of the...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Xu P,Liu J,Sakaki-Yumoto M,Derynck R

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and is involved in a wide range of biological processes. Although MAPKs have been intensely studied, identification of their substrates remains challenging. We have optimized a chem...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Carlson SM,Chouinard CR,Labadorf A,Lam CJ,Schmelzle K,Fraenkel E,White FM

更新日期：2011-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Precise regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling is crucial for normal immune responses, and defective NF-κB activity underlies a range of immunodeficiencies. NF-κB is activated through two signaling cascades: the classical and noncanonical pathways. The classical pathway requires inhibitor of κB kinase β (IK...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Gray CM,Remouchamps C,McCorkell KA,Solt LA,Dejardin E,Orange JS,May MJ

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteasome plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Here, we used biochemical and mass spectrometric methods to investigate structural changes in the 26S proteasomes from yeast and mammalian cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Oxidative stress induced the dissociation of the 20S co...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wang X,Yen J,Kaiser P,Huang L

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central role in Ca2+ signaling throughout the body. In the hippocampus, CaMKII is required for learning and memory. Vertebrate genomes encode four CaMKII homologs: CaMKIIα, CaMKIIβ, CaMKIIγ, and CaMKIIδ. All CaMKIIs consist of a kinase domain, a regulator...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Sloutsky R,Dziedzic N,Dunn MJ,Bates RM,Torres-Ocampo AP,Boopathy S,Page B,Weeks JG,Chao LH,Stratton MM

更新日期：2020-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and stimulate the innate immune response through the production of cytokines. The innate immune response depends on the timing of encountering PAMPs, suggesting a short-term "memory." In particular, activation of TLR3 appears to prime ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Liu B,Liu Q,Yang L,Palaniappan SK,Bahar I,Thiagarajan PS,Ding JL

更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Slit proteins act as repulsive axon guidance cues by activating receptors of the Roundabout (Robo) family. During early neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, Slit prevents the growth cones of longitudinal tract neurons from inappropriately crossing the midline, thus restricting these cells to trajectories parallel ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Manavalan MA,Jayasinghe VR,Grewal R,Bhat KM

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The differentiation of fibroblasts into a transient population of highly activated, extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts at sites of tissue injury is critical for normal tissue repair. Excessive myofibroblast accumulation and persistence, often as a result of a failure to undergo apoptosis when tissue r...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Selvarajah B,Azuelos I,Platé M,Guillotin D,Forty EJ,Contento G,Woodcock HV,Redding M,Taylor A,Brunori G,Durrenberger PF,Ronzoni R,Blanchard AD,Mercer PF,Anastasiou D,Chambers RC

更新日期：2019-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity or a high-fat diet represses the endoribonuclease activity of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), a transducer of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An impaired UPR is associated with hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is c...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wang JM,Qiu Y,Yang Z,Kim H,Qian Q,Sun Q,Zhang C,Yin L,Fang D,Back SH,Kaufman RJ,Yang L,Zhang K

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00