TGF-β promotes PI3K-AKT signaling and prostate cancer cell migration through the TRAF6-mediated ubiquitylation of p85α.

abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymphatic vessel development through VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). The VEGFR immunoglobulin homology domain 2 (D2) is critical for ligand binding, and D3 provides additional interaction sites. VEGF-B and placenta growth factor (PlGF) bind to VEGFR-1 with high a...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Anisimov A,Leppänen VM,Tvorogov D,Zarkada G,Jeltsch M,Holopainen T,Kaijalainen S,Alitalo K

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Degrons are the elements that are used by E3 ubiquitin ligases to target proteins for degradation. Most degrons are short linear motifs embedded within the sequences of modular proteins. As regulatory sites for protein abundance, they are important for many different cellular processes, such as progression through the...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Mészáros B,Kumar M,Gibson TJ,Uyar B,Dosztányi Z

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila, recognition of microbe-specific molecules (such as bacterial peptidoglycans) activates serine protease cascades that converge to activate the Toll pathway. Recent data show that the serine protease Grass, which is activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors and was initially thought to be a co...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ashok Y

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Inositol pyrophosphates are highly energetic inositol polyphosphate molecules present in organisms from slime molds and yeast to mammals. Distinct classes of enzymes generate different forms of inositol pyrophosphates. The biosynthesis of these substances principally involves phosphorylation of inositol hexakisphospha...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Chakraborty A,Kim S,Snyder SH

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimers of conventional transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands are composed of two 100- to 140-amino acid peptides that are produced through the proteolytic processing of a proprotein precursor by proconvertases, such as furin. We report the identification of an evolutionarily...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Akiyama T,Marqués G,Wharton KA

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteasome plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Here, we used biochemical and mass spectrometric methods to investigate structural changes in the 26S proteasomes from yeast and mammalian cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Oxidative stress induced the dissociation of the 20S co...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Wang X,Yen J,Kaiser P,Huang L

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute cardiorespiratory responses to O2 deficiency are essential for physiological homeostasis. The prototypical acute O2-sensing organ is the carotid body, which contains glomus cells expressing K+ channels whose inhibition by hypoxia leads to transmitter release and activation of nerve fibers terminating in the brai...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Moreno-Domínguez A,Ortega-Sáenz P,Gao L,Colinas O,García-Flores P,Bonilla-Henao V,Aragonés J,Hüttemann M,Grossman LI,Weissmann N,Sommer N,López-Barneo J

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Precise control of the activity and abundance of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) ensures fidelity in ubiquitin chain synthesis. In this issue of Science Signaling, Liess et al. demonstrate that the human anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C)-associated E2 UBE2S adopts an autoinhibited dimeric state that increases the...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Bremm A

更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants and animals produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to infection. In plants, ROS not only activate defense responses and promote cell death to limit the spread of pathogens but also restrict the amount of cell death in response to pathogen recognition. Plants also use hormones, such as salicylic acid,...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Siddique S,Matera C,Radakovic ZS,Hasan MS,Gutbrod P,Rozanska E,Sobczak M,Torres MA,Grundler FM

更新日期：2014-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Progression through mitosis depends on a large number of protein complexes that regulate the major structural and physiological changes necessary for faithful chromosome segregation. Most, if not all, of the mitotic processes are regulated by a set of mitotic protein kinases that control protein activity by phosphoryl...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hegemann B,Hutchins JR,Hudecz O,Novatchkova M,Rameseder J,Sykora MM,Liu S,Mazanek M,Lénárt P,Hériché JK,Poser I,Kraut N,Hyman AA,Yaffe MB,Mechtler K,Peters JM

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Jiang et al. (Research Article, 11 October 2011, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002152) used a combined experimental and computational modeling approach to study the dynamic response behavior of covalent modification cycles in the presence of downstream targets ("loads"). Despite remarkable agreement between experiments and ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Straube R

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) are transcription factors that mediate adaptive responses to hypoxia and control aspects of energy metabolism, respectively. New evidence suggests that when HIF-1 alpha and C/EBP alpha interact, they bring about reciprocal func...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Janardhan HP

更新日期：2008-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Eps15 homology domain (EHD) proteins are conserved adenosine triphosphatases that are involved in membrane remodeling. EHD family members are structurally similar to the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) dynamin, and both are essential for the fission step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This Journal Club highlights...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ioannou MS,Marat AL

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Defects in the biogenesis of or transport through primary cilia affect Hedgehog protein signaling, and many Hedgehog pathway components traffic through or accumulate in cilia. The Hedgehog receptor Patched negatively regulates the activity and ciliary accumulation of Smoothened, a seven-transmembrane protein that is e...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Kim J,Hsia EY,Brigui A,Plessis A,Beachy PA,Zheng X

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular dedifferentiation, the transition of differentiated somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, ensures developmental plasticity and contributes to wound healing in plants. Wounding induces cells to form a mass of unorganized pluripotent cells called callus at the wound site. Explanted cells can also form callus...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Lee K,Park OS,Seo PJ

更新日期：2017-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen sensing by the carotid body is essential in vertebrates to adapt to reduced arterial oxygen tension. In this issue of Science Signaling, Yuan et al. report an intricate signaling system to transduce a physical parameter--oxygen tension--into a biological cellular signal (neural discharge) through changes in the...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Fandrey J

更新日期：2015-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously developed a web tool, Transcriptomine, to explore expression profiling data sets involving small-molecule or genetic manipulations of nuclear receptor signaling pathways. We describe advances in biocuration, query interface design, and data visualization that enhance the discovery of uncharacterized biol...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Becnel LB,Ochsner SA,Darlington YF,McOwiti A,Kankanamge WH,Dehart M,Naumov A,McKenna NJ

更新日期：2017-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:By regulating gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, the regulation of miRNAs is elusive. miR-192 is a key regulator of renal fibrosis and hypertrophy in diabetic nephropathy. Natarajan et al. showed that the miR-192 gene contains an upstream region...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Dong Z

更新日期：2013-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) uses the polyamine spermidine to catalyze the hypusine modification of the mRNA translation factor eIF5A and promotes oncogenesis through poorly defined mechanisms. Because germline deletion of Dhps is embryonically lethal, its role in normal postnatal cellular function in vivo remains un...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Levasseur EM,Yamada K,Piñeros AR,Wu W,Syed F,Orr KS,Anderson-Baucum E,Mastracci TL,Maier B,Mosley AL,Liu Y,Bernal-Mizrachi E,Alonso LC,Scott D,Garcia-Ocaña A,Tersey SA,Mirmira RG

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) frequently have an activating mutation in the gene encoding Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Thus, targeting the pathway mediated by JAK and its downstream substrate, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), may yield clinical benefit for patients with MPNs containing the JAK2...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Winter PS,Sarosiek KA,Lin KH,Meggendorfer M,Schnittger S,Letai A,Wood KC

更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors enable cell-specific measurements of ions and small molecules in real time. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the most important signaling molecules in virtually all cell types and organisms. We describe cAMPr, a new single-wavelength cAMP sensor. We developed cAMP...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Hackley CR,Mazzoni EO,Blau J

更新日期：2018-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Slit proteins act as repulsive axon guidance cues by activating receptors of the Roundabout (Robo) family. During early neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, Slit prevents the growth cones of longitudinal tract neurons from inappropriately crossing the midline, thus restricting these cells to trajectories parallel ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Manavalan MA,Jayasinghe VR,Grewal R,Bhat KM

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory factor X (Rfx) homologs regulate the transcription of genes necessary for ciliogenesis in invertebrates and vertebrates. Primary cilia are necessary for Hedgehog signaling and regulation of the activity of the transcriptional regulators known as Gli proteins, which are targets of Hedgehog signaling. Here, w...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Ashique AM,Choe Y,Karlen M,May SR,Phamluong K,Solloway MJ,Ericson J,Peterson AS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein kinase ATM is a master regulator of the DNA damage response but also responds directly to oxidative stress. Loss of ATM causes ataxia telangiectasia, a neurodegenerative disorder with pleiotropic symptoms that include cerebellar dysfunction, cancer, diabetes, and premature aging. We genetically separated t...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Lee JH,Mand MR,Kao CH,Zhou Y,Ryu SW,Richards AL,Coon JJ,Paull TT

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:DNAX-activating protein of 12 kD (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor protein found in myeloid cells and natural killer cells, and it couples to various receptors that mediate either cellular activation or inhibition. DAP12 inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, ...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Peng Q,Long CL,Malhotra S,Humphrey MB

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:l-Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, with postsynaptic responses to its release predominantly mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). A critical component of synaptic plasticity involves changes in the number of responding postsynaptic receptors, which are dynamically recruited...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Buonarati OR,Hammes EA,Watson JF,Greger IH,Hell JW

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A system-wide analysis of cell signaling requires detecting and quantifying many different proteins and their posttranslational modification states in the same cellular sample. Here, we present Protocols for two miniaturized, array-based methods, one of which provides detailed information on a central signaling protei...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Luckert K,Gujral TS,Chan M,Sevecka M,Joos TO,Sorger PK,Macbeath G,Pötz O

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Notch signaling is used to choose cell fates in many developmental contexts. New evidence shows that circulating blood cells in Drosophila, in the absence of Notch ligand provided by neighboring cells, activate Notch signaling through stabilization with the hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) transcription factor. Alth...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Johnson EA

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper (T(H)) cells integrate biochemical cues present in the tissue microenvironment and produce cytokines that orchestrate immune responses. Previous discoveries have revealed a qualitative understanding of how T(H) cells process this biochemical information; however, the lack of methods to quantify how well these...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Klinke DJ 2nd,Cheng N,Chambers E

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and enhanced susceptibility to systemic bacterial infection (sepsis). We hypothesized that low insulin concentrations in T1DM trigger the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) to produce the lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which triggers sys...

journal_title：Science signaling

authors： Filgueiras LR,Brandt SL,Wang S,Wang Z,Morris DL,Evans-Molina C,Mirmira RG,Jancar S,Serezani CH

更新日期：2015-01-27 00:00:00