Abstract：
:Nephropathy progressing to end-stage renal failure is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic nephropathy is preceded for many years by minor increases in urine albumin excretion (microalbuminuria), and some diabetologists believe that by reducing or reversing this early abnormality, possibly by more rigorous control of hyperglycemia or by correcting glomerular hemodynamic abnormalities, the later development of frank nephropathy might be delayed or prevented. Once frank nephropathy has developed, its progress to renal failure is little, if at all, influenced by therapy. The early detection of microalbuminuria is therefore important for the management of diabetic patients, and its measurement should be available to all diabetologists. Sensitive, precise, and accurate methods are readily available to most laboratories. The preferred specimen is a 24-hour collection of urine or a timed overnight collection. A quantitation corrected for creatinine on a first-morning specimen may be a sufficiently sensitive test to detect those patients who should be subjected to a more extensive collection. Whether random samples taken at other times of the day are also suitable for screening remains to be proved.
journal_name
Clin Lab Medjournal_title
Clinics in laboratory medicineauthors
Hindmarsh JTsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-09-01 00:00:00pages
611-6issue
3eissn
0272-2712issn
1557-9832pii
S0272-2712(06)00050-3journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Disease prevention requires sociopolitical change, which in turn requires the participation of those for whom the change is intended, including demographic groups at high risk for disease, appropriate governmental authorities, and essential health care personnel. Multiparous women of lowest socioeconomic status, the d...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2004.05.018
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Image processing applications in forensic pathology are becoming increasingly important. This article introduces basic concepts in image processing as applied to problems in forensic pathology in a non-mathematical context. Discussions of contrast enhancement, digital encoding, compression, deblurring, and other topic...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgenic mice that contain a proline to leucine mutation at amino acid 101 in the endogenous murine PrP gene have been produced by gene targeting. This line of mice was generated to model the mutation thought to be responsible for P102L GSS, a familial TSE disease in humans. Genetargeted 101LL mice showed no evidenc...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-2712(02)00067-7
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:India is a global leader in diabetes, currently with second largest pool of diabetes in the world. Asian Indian phenotype is uniquely predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes because of strong familial aggregation as well lifestyle factors of imprudent diet and sedentary physical habit. The typical Asian Indian phenotyp...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.012
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methodologic aspects including causes of factitious hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia are summarized. The differential diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia is reviewed under its three broad causes: decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased exogenous or endogenous phosphate load, and increased renal tubular phosph...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All clinical laboratory testing in the United States is regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA'88 or CLIA) and overseen by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. CLIA profoundly changed the prevailing United States regulatory philosophy by imposing uniform requirements for a...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2009.06.012
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Image processing has traveled to the lunar surface and back, finding its way into the clinical laboratory. Advances in digital computers have improved the technology of image analysis, resulting in a wide variety of medical applications. Offering improvements in turnaround time, standardized systems, increased precisi...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasing in frequency, especially in patients with compromised immunity. A number of "new" mycobacterial species have been described in the last decade, largely as the result of the use of new tools to identify previously unrecognized mycobacteria found in the environm...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2004.05.011
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput diagnostic tool for the identification of microorganisms. The technology is unique in clinical microbiology, allowing laboratories to definitively identify bacterial and fungal isolates...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.001
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current success in organ transplantation has been brought about by immunosuppressive therapy. Improvements in transplant outcome using these drugs have stalled, and an understanding of the pharmacogenomics of immunosuppressive dosing and response holds the greatest promise for advancing the use of these agents. ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2008.09.004
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe a system for collecting usage metrics from widely distributed automation systems. An application that records and stores usage data centrally, calculates run times, and charts the data was developed. Data were collected over 20 months from at least 28 workstations. The application was used to plot...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2006.12.001
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are multiple levels of transcriptional regulation that a cell can bring to bear on either native cellular genes or integrated proviral genes. One such level of regulation is inducible sequence-specific transcriptional factors, such as NF-kappa B, which have been extensively investigated with respect to the HIV-1...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are many types of ANA and they may react with different nuclear components varying from nucleic acids to both basic and acidic nuclear proteins. Recent investigations have demonstrated that it is important not only to detect the presence and quantity of the ANA, but also to identify the immunologic specificities...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA testing has revolutionized the forensic sciences. Forensic testing has continued to evolve, and now several methods are in use. The predominant methods of forensic DNA analysis are described, and their application in casework is summarized. The legal acceptance of this testing also is discussed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interpretation of the total serum testosterone concentration is problematic because it is related directly to the serum SHBG concentration.Frequently, an estimate of the serum free testosterone concentration is obtained to better assess the clinical status of the patient. We reviewed five methods for the determina...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2004.01.010
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral drugs against HIV infection have been developed that inhibit various stages of the HIV replication cycle. Agents other than reverse transcriptase inhibitors are reviewed with particular attention to those under study in clinical trials, including inhibitors of the virus-encoded protease enzyme. In addit...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Point-of-care testing is an emerging specialty in laboratory medicine and has attracted considerable interest in the medical literature. This article presents a general overview of point-of-care testing including its history, menu, clinical utility, aspects of analytical performance, regulatory issues, and management ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The combination of requirements for decreased turnaround time for hematology laboratory results and advances in technology have driven testing closer to the point of patient contact. This article provides an overview of the technologies available to measure hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, differentials, and CD4+ ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.009
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Automated image processing analysis for leukocyte differential counting started 30 years ago principally as a mimic of the traditional microscopic method. Several types of systems were used in the 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1990s, two new image processing systems were developed with new technology for cell image ana...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00076-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary product of the laboratory is information. Greater attention should be devoted to how laboratory reports are presented to ensure that information is being conveyed effectively to the clinician. Different reporting techniques, including test-by-test, interim, cumulative, and completed accession reports, are ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Automation of AST has come quite some way and is here to stay. In particular, fully automated, "hands off" instruments have great appeal to laboratories with a limited number of well-trained and experienced clinical microbiology personnel. None of the evaluated instruments is perfect, but then neither are the standard...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary bacterial serology relevant to medicine involves poly- and monoclonal antibodies to study pathogenic bacteria and nonpathogenic organisms useful in controlling infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibody applications include immunodiagnostics, prophylaxis and serotherapy, and microbial biotechnology and mole...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is relatively rare in comparison to colorectal carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine arises through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon. However, adenocarcinomas arising in the background of inflammatory bowel disease develop through the dysplasia-carcinoma sequ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2013.08.007
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in computing speed and power have made a pure digital work flow for pathology. New technologies such as whole slide imaging (WSI), multispectral image analysis, and algorithmic image searching seem poised to fundamentally change the way in which pathology is practiced. This article provides the practicing pat...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2012.07.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2009.07.014
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most vital functions of the vertebrates is to maintain hemostasis through coagulation and fibrinolysis. This is achieved by the interaction of vascular walls with blood components such as cells and proteins (coagulation factors, immunoglobulins, and complement). Deficiency of coagulation factors results in ...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing evidence supporting the genetic variability outside of HLA system that is contributing to the variation in transplant outcomes. Determining novel predictors could help to identify patients at risk and tailor their immunosuppressive regimens. This article discusses the various single nucleotide polymor...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.002
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The era of prenatal screening for serious birth defects began in the 1970s with the discovery that amniotic fluid and maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were increased in pregnancies affected by fetal open neural tube defects. Since then, prenatal screening has become a part of routine obstetric care. In...
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00032-5
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosis of invasive fungal pneumonias by conventional culture methods is difficult to assess and often delayed. Nonmolecular fungal markers have emerged as an important adjunctive tool to support their diagnosis in combination with other clinical, radiologic, and microbiological criteria of invasive fungal diseases....
journal_title：Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cll.2014.02.006
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
