The effect of environmental factors on the incidence of perforated appendicitis.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency. Its etiopathogenesis appears to be multifactorial. Several studies suggested a relationship between the development of acute appendicitis and some environmental factors. Air pollution predisposes some people to develop perforated appendicitis. However, data are relatively scarce and the results still controversial. AIM:Determine the seasonal variation of acute appendicitis and study the association between perforated appendicitis and short-term exposure to climatic factors and to air pollutants. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted including patients hospitalized in the general surgery department of Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse for acute appendicitis between January 1st and December 31st, 2014. Climatic conditions were collected from the National Institute of Meteorology. Data on air pollution were given by the National Agency for the Protection of the Environment and obtained by the modeling of the atmospheric pollution. For statistical analysis, we used mean concentrations of each environmental factor corresponding to the day of hospital admission and lagged by the 7 previous days. These factors were compared between the group of patients with perforated appendicitis and patients with nonperforated appendicitis. RESULTS:We collected 246 cases of acute appendicitis. Perforated appendicitis was reported in 15.2% of the cases. The incidence of acute appendicitis was higher during summer. Compared to nonperforated appendicitis, perforated appendicitis was significantly associated with the mean relative humidity of the 5 day lag (p = 0.046), rainfall of the 7 day lag (p = 0.043), and consultation delay (p <10-3). Furthermore, perforated appendicitis was significantly associated with the daily mean concentration of carbon dioxide (p = 0.042), the 2- day lag mean concentration of particulate matter less than 10 μ (PM10 ) (p = 0.016), and the 2-day lag mean concentration of ozone (p = 0.048). After multivariate statistical analysis, predictive factors for perforated appendicitis were the consultation delay (OR: 1.621, 95% CI [1.288 - 2.039]; p<10-3) and the 2 day lag mean concentration of PM10 (OR: 1.066, 95% CI [1.007- 1.130]; p = 0.029). CONCLUSION:Short-term exposure to particulate matter was associated with perforated appendicitis. Further large-scale studies are needed to support this conclusion. KEY WORDS:Air pollution, Appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, Climateparticulate matter. :L’appendicite acuta è il più comune tipo di emergenza addominale. La sua patogenesi appare multifattoriale, e molti studi suggeriscono una relazione tra la sua insorgenza ed alcuni fattori ambientali. L’inquinamento atmosferico predispone alcuni individui allo sviluppo dell’appendicite perforata, ma i dati sono relativamente scarsi e i risultati ancora controversi. Questo studio si è proposto di determinare la variazione stagionale dell’appendicite acuta e l’associazione della perforazione appendicolare con l’esposizione di breve durata ai fattori climatici e all’inquinamento atmosferico. Lo studio trasversale è stato fatto includendo pazienti ricoverati nel dipartimento di chirurgia generale dell’Ospedale Universitario Farhat Hached di Sousse per appendicite acuta tra il 1° gennaio ed il 31 dicembre 2014. Le condizioni climatiche di questo periodo sono state quelle raccolte dall’Istituto Nazionale di Meteorologia, i dati sull’inquinamento atmosferico dall’Agenzia Nazionale per la protezione dell’ambiente ottenuti dal modello di polluzione armosferica. Per l’analisi statistica è stata utilizzata la concentrazione media di ciascun fattore ambientale corrispondente al giorno del ricovero ospedaliero esteso ai 7 giorni precedenti. Questi fattori sono stati confrontati tra il gruppo di pazienti con appendicite perforata e quello delle appendiciti senza perforazione. Dei 246 casi di appendicite acuta raccolti, i casi di appendicite perforate riguardava il 15,2% del totale. L’incidenza della appendicite acuta è risultata più elevata durante l’estate. Al confronto con l’appendicite senza perforazione, la perforazione appendicolare è risultata significativamente associata con l’umidità media relativa del 5 giorni precedenti il ricovero (p=0.046), con la pioggia dei 7 giorni precedenti (p = 0.043), e con il ritardo di ricorso al medico (p <10-3). Inoltre l’appendicite perforata è risultata significativamente associate con la concentrazione media giornaliera dell’anidride carbonica (p = 0.042), la concentrazione media nei due giorni precedenti il ricovero del microparticolato inferiore ai 10 μ (PM10) (p = 0.016), e la concentrazione di ozono dei due giorni precedenti (p = 0.048). Dopo analisi statistica multivariate I fattori predittivi dell’appendicite perforate sono risultati il ritardo di consultazione del medico, (OR: 1.621, 95% CI [1.288 - 2.039]; p<10-3) e la concentrazione nei due giorni precedenti il ricovero del PM10 (OR: 1.066, 95% CI [1.007- 1.130]; p = 0.029). In conclusione l’esposizione per breve tempo al microparticolato è risultato associato con l’appendicite perforata. Ulteriori studi a larga scala sono necessari per confermare questo risultato.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

Aroui H,Kalboussi H,El Ghali A,Kacem I,Maoua M,Maatoug J,Taieb D,Hamila F,Mrizak N

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-01-01 00:00:00

pages

431-437

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S0003469X18028014

journal_volume

89

pub_type

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