Small cell carcinoma of the gynecologic tract: a multifaceted spectrum of lesions.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the female genital tract constitutes a diagnostic and clinical challenge given its rarity and the lack of standardized therapeutic approaches. Here we review the morphological, clinical and molecular features of gynecologic SmCCs and discuss potential areas for future research. METHODS:Data for this review article were identified by searches of PubMed, EMBASE and the Internet using the search terms "small cell carcinoma" or "neuroendocrine carcinoma" and "gynecologic", "uterine cervix", "cervix", "uterus", "endometrium", "ovary", "vagina", "fallopian tube" or "vulva", and research articles published in English between 1972 and February 2014 were included. RESULTS:SmCCs arising from different organs within the gynecologic tract share the same histopathologic characteristics, which closely resemble those of small cell lung carcinoma. The expression of at least one immunohistochemical neuroendocrine marker is a common finding. The uterine cervix is the most frequent site of SmCC in the female genital tract. HPV infection seems to play a role in the development of cervical SmCC but not in cancers of other gynecologic sites. FIGO stage is an established prognostic factor, in particular in SCCs of the cervix. Irrespective of the site, SmCCs of the gynecologic tract display an aggressive clinical behavior with few reported long-term survivors. The therapeutic management includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the potential differences in etiology and risk factors, SmCCs from different sites of the gynecologic tract have similar morphologic appearances and clinical behavior. Recent genomic analyses of small cell carcinoma of the lung have revealed potential driver genomic alterations. We posit that the comprehensive genomic characterization of gynecologic SmCCs may lead to the identification of markers that result in an improvement of diagnostic reproducibility of SmCCs of the gynecologic tract, and of molecular aberrations that may be exploited therapeutically in subgroups of the disease.

journal_name

Gynecol Oncol

journal_title

Gynecologic oncology

authors

Atienza-Amores M,Guerini-Rocco E,Soslow RA,Park KJ,Weigelt B

doi

10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.05.017

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-08-01 00:00:00

pages

410-8

issue

2

eissn

0090-8258

issn

1095-6859

pii

S0090-8258(14)00977-9

journal_volume

134

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Fallopian tube abnormalities in uterine serous carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is presumed to arise from endometrial intra-epithelial carcinoma (EIC), whereas tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas have similar precursor lesions in the Fallopian tube, i.e. serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma (STIC). The presence of Fallopian tube abnormalities and t...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.707

    authors: Steenbeek MP,Bulten J,Snijders MPLM,Lombaers M,Hendriks J,van den Brand M,Kraayenbrink AA,Massuger LFAG,Sweegers S,de Hullu JA,Pijnenborg JMA,Küsters-Vandevelde HVN,Reijnen C

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Hematogenous rectal metastasis 20 years after removal of epithelial ovarian cancer.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Rectal tumors are rarely metastatic. Moreover, hematogenous spread is rare in ovarian cancer whose dissemination frequently occurs through peritoneal or lymphatic ways. CASE:A 55-year-old female presented with a rectal metastasis that appeared 20 years after the treatment of a primary clear cell carcinoma o...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.05.022

    authors: Trastour C,Rahili A,Schumacker C,Effi AB,Bernard JL

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Usefulness of combining testing for p16 protein and human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinoma screening.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of the combination of p16 and HPV detection in the screening for cervical cancer. METHODS:186 patients with previous abnormal cervical lesion were studied. After colposcopic examination, two conventional Pap slides were prepared: the first was Papanicolaou-stained and examined by cytolo...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.01.033

    authors: Ekalaksananan T,Pientong C,Sriamporn S,Kongyingyoes B,Pengsa P,Kleebkaow P,Kritpetcharat O,Parkin DM

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • Tolfenamic acid inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and decreases the expression of c-Met and survivin through suppressing specificity protein transcription factors.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aberrant expression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met are associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis in a variety of human malignancies including ovarian cancer (OC). Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors have high relevance in the signaling cascade associated with c-M...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.03.014

    authors: Basha R,Ingersoll SB,Sankpal UT,Ahmad S,Baker CH,Edwards JR,Holloway RW,Kaja S,Abdelrahim M

    更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00

  • Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for the detection of recurrent ovarian and fallopian tube carcinoma: a retrospective review.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Imaging modalities to evaluate ovarian/fallopian tube cancer patients for recurrence are limited. Positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound lack the sensitivity to consistently detect recurrence or measurable disease in these patients. A new t...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.2002.6606

    authors: Makhija S,Howden N,Edwards R,Kelley J,Townsend DW,Meltzer CC

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • The potential benefit of 6 vs. 3 cycles of chemotherapy in subsets of women with early-stage high-risk epithelial ovarian cancer: an exploratory analysis of a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:A prior clinical trial on early-stage high risk ovarian cancer showed a lower recurrence rate in those treated with six vs. three cycles of chemotherapy. We proposed to identify subsets of patients who may benefit from more cycles of chemotherapy. METHODS:Outcomes of patients who underwent six vs. three cyc...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.073

    authors: Chan JK,Tian C,Fleming GF,Monk BJ,Herzog TJ,Kapp DS,Bell J

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Endometrial cancer in Asian and American Indian/Alaskan Native women: tumor characteristics, treatment and outcome compared to non-Hispanic white women.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to compare survival of Asian (AS), American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). METHODS:Patients with EC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program from 1988 to 2009. Kaplan-Mei...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.028

    authors: Mahdi H,Schlick CJ,Kowk LL,Moslemi-Kebria M,Michener C

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • Primary bronchial and ovarian carcinoid tumors in the same patient: a case report and histopathologic analysis.

    abstract::The first case report of a 58-year-old woman with two different primary carcinoid tumors is presented. The bronchial carcinoid exhibited a mosaic pattern, whereas the ovarian tumor showed both insular and trabecular patterns. No teratomatous component was observed in the ovary. Both tumors presented an argyrophil reac...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0090-8258(86)90087-9

    authors: Sorbe B,Valentin K,Wilander E

    更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00

  • A clinical study of optical biopsy of the uterine cervix using a multispectral imaging system.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To present the clinical application of the multispectral imaging colposcopic system (MIS colposcopy). METHODS:MIS colposcopy was performed on 123 enrolled women. After a 3% acetic acid application, sequential images were captured, analyzed, and stored automatically. Directed biopsies were taken from distinct...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.013

    authors: Orfanoudaki IM,Themelis GC,Sifakis SK,Fragouli DH,Panayiotides JG,Vazgiouraki EM,Koumantakis EE

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of retinoic acid combined with irradiation on the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and adhesion/costimulation molecules ICAM-1 in human cervical cancer.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Radiation treatment is one of the most standardized and effective modalities for contemporary cervical cancer therapy. In addition, the radiation-potentiating effects of retinoic acid have been recently described. In order to investigate whether enhanced immunogenicity might be responsible for such potentiat...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.1998.5060

    authors: Santin AD,Hermonat PL,Ravaggi A,Chiriva-Internati M,Hiserodt JC,Pecorelli S,Parham GP

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Detection of endometrial cancer via molecular analysis of DNA collected with vaginal tampons.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:We demonstrate the feasibility of detecting EC by combining minimally-invasive specimen collection techniques with sensitive molecular testing. METHODS:Prior to hysterectomy for EC or benign indications, women collected vaginal pool samples with intravaginal tampons and underwent endometrial brushing. Specim...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.552

    authors: Bakkum-Gamez JN,Wentzensen N,Maurer MJ,Hawthorne KM,Voss JS,Kroneman TN,Famuyide AO,Clayton AC,Halling KC,Kerr SE,Cliby WA,Dowdy SC,Kipp BR,Mariani A,Oberg AL,Podratz KC,Shridhar V,Sherman ME

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Sensitization of cervical cancer cell lines to low-dose radiation by retinoic acid does not require functional p53.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Current therapy for cervical cancer includes radiation therapy. Retinoic acid (RA) can increase the sensitivity of cervical cancer cell lines to radiation. The mechanism of this sensitization may not involve the p53 protein because the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein, which is present in the majority of...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.12.034

    authors: Tillmanns TD,Kamelle SA,Guruswamy S,Gould NS,Rutledge TL,Benbrook DM

    更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00

  • Reply.

    abstract::Copyright ...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.1998.5026

    authors: Kodama J,Yoshinouchi M

    更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00

  • Hormonal treatment of a recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: case report and review of the literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare, primarily treated surgically. In advanced or recurrent disease, data are inconclusive regarding the benefit of either primary or adjuvant chemotherapy. Hormonal therapy has been suggested as an alternative treatment. CASE:Our patient had three recurrences of estr...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.10.042

    authors: Hardy RD,Bell JG,Nicely CJ,Reid GC

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Mutational analysis of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene in endometrial carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether alteration of BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene occurs in sporadic endometrial carcinomas. METHODS:Genomic DNAs were prepared from 33 consecutively collected endometrial carcinoma tissues for BRCA1 mutational analysis. To screen for BRCA1 mutation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplificati...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.1997.4800

    authors: Liu FS,Ho ES,Shih RT,Shih A

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Outcomes of primary surgical cytoreduction in patients with BRCA-associated high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:BRCA-associated and sporadic ovarian cancers have different pathologic and clinical features. Our goal was to determine if BRCA mutation status is an independent predictor of residual tumor volume following primary surgical cytoreduction. METHODS:We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with FIGO st...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.05.001

    authors: Hyman DM,Long KC,Tanner EJ,Grisham RN,Arnold AG,Bhatia J,Phillips MF,Spriggs DR,Soslow RA,Kauff ND,Levine DA

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • The incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in geriatric patients undergoing surgery for suspected gynecologic malignancies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of postoperative delirium (PD) in the elderly ranges between 3-60% but has never been examined in gynecologic oncology. Our goal was to identify pre, intra, and postoperative risk factors associated with the development of PD. METHODS:English speaking women of 60 years and above undergoing maj...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.02.016

    authors: McAlpine JN,Hodgson EJ,Abramowitz S,Richman SM,Su Y,Kelly MG,Luther M,Baker L,Zelterman D,Rutherford TJ,Schwartz PE

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Results from a single arm, single stage phase II trial of trametinib and GSK2141795 in persistent or recurrent cervical cancer.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Improved treatment for advanced cervical cancer is needed; currently, treatment options include combined chemotherapy and bevacizumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy for PD-L1 positive disease. PIK3CA and KRAS mutations have been reported in cervical cancers; this study therefore tested dual inhibition of PI3K ...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.05.003

    authors: Liu JF,Gray KP,Wright AA,Campos S,Konstantinopoulos PA,Peralta A,MacNeill K,Morrissey S,Whalen C,Dillon D,Matulonis UA

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Uterine leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the sphenoid sinus: a case report and review of the literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the uterus is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive growth pattern. Although the majority of uterine LMS is diagnosed with disease confined to the uterus, the rate of recurrent disease is high. The most common sites of recurrent disease are lung, liver, and peritoneal cavity. The rate of...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.10.043

    authors: Sandruck J,Escobar P,Lurain J,Fishman D

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of early-stage cervical carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine the sentinel lymph node detection rates, accuracy in predicting the status of lymph node metastasis, and if pathologic ultrastaging improves the detection of micrometastases and isolated tumor cells at the time of primary surgery for cervical cancer. METHODS:A prospective, non-randomiz...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.334

    authors: Diaz JP,Gemignani ML,Pandit-Taskar N,Park KJ,Murray MP,Chi DS,Sonoda Y,Barakat RR,Abu-Rustum NR

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • TCGA molecular groups of endometrial cancer: Pooled data about prognosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:After The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) findings, four novel prognostic groups may direct the management of endometrial cancer (EC): POLE-mutated/ultramutated (POLEmt), microsatellite-instable/hypermutated (MSI), copy-number-low/p53-wild-type (p53wt), and copy-number-high/p53-mutated (p53mt). However, data abou...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.08.019

    authors: Raffone A,Travaglino A,Mascolo M,Carbone L,Guida M,Insabato L,Zullo F

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Colorectal function preservation in posterior and total supralevator exenteration for gynecologic malignancies: an 89-patient series.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with colorectal function preservation at the time of pelvic exenteration. METHODS:Between January 1980 and December 2001, 201 pelvic exenterations for gynecologic malignancies were performed in our hospital. Ninety-eight were supralevator exenteration...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00069-6

    authors: Moutardier V,Houvenaeghel G,Lelong B,Mokart D,Delpero JR

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • A phase II study of gemcitabine in combination with tanespimycin in advanced epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and biological effects of the gemcitabine/tanespimycin combination in patients with advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancer. To assess the effect of tanespimycin on tumor cells, levels of the chaperone proteins HSP90 and HSP70 were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.10.002

    authors: Hendrickson AE,Oberg AL,Glaser G,Camoriano JK,Peethambaram PP,Colon-Otero G,Erlichman C,Ivy SP,Kaufmann SH,Karnitz LM,Haluska P

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tumor chemoconversion following surgery, chemotherapy, and normalization of serum tumor markers in a woman with a mixed type germ cell ovarian tumor.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary are often curative after conservative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Persistent tumors despite normalization of serum tumor markers may represent retroconversion to benign masses, but this is rare in ovarian tumors without teratoma elements. The management in such ...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6541

    authors: David YB,Weiss A,Shechtman L,Shalev E

    更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00

  • Participation of the general gynecologist in surgical staging of endometrial cancer: analysis of cost and perioperative outcomes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost and perioperative outcomes of endometrial cancer staging when the procedure is performed by a gynecologic oncologist alone or when a general gynecologist participates in the procedure. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of women with clinical stage I endometrial ca...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.05.019

    authors: Hoekstra A,Singh DK,Garb M,Arekapudi S,Rademaker A,Lurain JR

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • A prospective study of quality of life among women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy versus gynecologic screening for ovarian cancer.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of the study was to prospectively assess quality of life (QOL) among women at increased risk of ovarian cancer who are undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) or serial screening. METHODS:Women at increased risk of ovarian cancer who were undergoing RRSO were recruited int...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.11.039

    authors: Fang CY,Cherry C,Devarajan K,Li T,Malick J,Daly MB

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Does para-aortic irradiation reduce the risk of distant metastasis in advanced cervical cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the impact of the extension of the radiotherapy field cranially toward para-aortic lymph nodes (EF-RT) in advanced cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A systematic search of databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Clinical Trials) was performed and included studies that were published between 1960 and Novem...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.11.044

    authors: Sapienza LG,Gomes MJL,Calsavara VF,Leitao MM Jr,Baiocchi G

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • Malignant struma ovarii: recurrence and response to treatment monitored by thyroglobulin levels.

    abstract::A patient with malignant struma ovarii who had elevated thyroglobulin levels at the time of her original surgery was diagnosed with recurrence on the basis of progressive thyroglobulin level elevation while on thyroid suppressive therapy. Subsequent treatment with therapeutic doses of iodine-137 resulted in normalizat...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.1998.5056

    authors: Rose PG,Arafah B,Abdul-Karim FW

    更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00

  • Vaginal reconstruction at the time of pelvic exenteration: a surgical and psychosexual analysis of techniques.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Vaginal reconstruction following pelvic exenteration is an important aspect of the physical and psychological rehabilitation of women after radical surgery for pelvic malignancies. The choice of techniques is vast, and proper patient and surgical selection is important for obtaining satisfactory functional a...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/gyno.2002.6780

    authors: Mirhashemi R,Averette HE,Lambrou N,Penalver MA,Mendez L,Ghurani G,Salom E

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship of margin status and radiation dose to recurrence in post-operative vulvar carcinoma.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of margin status and radiation dose in patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) for vulvar cancer. Clinical outcomes included vulvar recurrence (VR), relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the records of 300 patients with Stage I-...

    journal_title:Gynecologic oncology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.05.036

    authors: Viswanathan AN,Pinto AP,Schultz D,Berkowitz R,Crum CP

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00