Abstract：
:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) comprise a large group of more than 660 secondary metabolites found in more than 6000 plant species worldwide. Acute PA intoxication induces severe liver damage. Chronic exposure to sub-lethal doses may cause cumulative damage or cancer. Nuclear receptor activation often constitutes a molecular event for xenobiotic-induced toxicity. However, so far nothing is known about potential interactions of PAs with nuclear receptors as a toxicological mode of action. Thus, in the present study PA-dependent activation of a comprehensive panel of nuclear receptors (PPARs, LXRα, RARα, RXRα, FXR, CAR, PXR, ERα/β) was investigated using GAL4/UAS-based transactivation reporter gene assays. To cover the most frequently occurring PA structure types (retronecine, heliotridine and otonecine type; as well as monoester, open-chain diester and cyclic diester) different PAs were analyzed for interaction with nuclear receptors. Most of the nuclear receptors investigated were not affected by the tested PAs. However, significant activation was found for PXR, which was exclusively activated by the open-chain diesters, echimidine and lasiocarpine. Induction of the model PXR target gene CYP3A4 by PAs was verified at the mRNA, protein and enzyme activity level. In conclusion, PXR activation and PXR-mediated induction of CYP3A4 expression by PAs seem to be structure-dependent. Data suggest that only open-chain diesters act as PXR agonists. This might imply that a PXR-mediated mode of action may contribute to the hepatotoxicity of PAs that is dependent on PA structure.
journal_name
Chem Biol Interactjournal_title
Chemico-biological interactionsauthors
Luckert C,Braeuning A,Lampen A,Hessel-Pras Sdoi
10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-25 00:00:00pages
38-48eissn
0009-2797issn
1872-7786pii
S0009-2797(18)30190-Xjournal_volume
288pub_type
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