Abstract：
:Although it is largely demonstrated that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by executive dysfunctions, little is known about the fine-grained levels of this impairment. Here, we investigated the hierarchical architecture of control modules in autism using an experimental paradigm based upon a multistage model of executive functions. This model postulates that executive functions are hierarchically organized as a cascade of three different control processes, which are implemented according to information conveyed by sensory signals (sensory control), the immediate perceptual context (contextual control), and the temporal episode in which stimuli occur (episodic control). Sixteen high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome (HFA/AS) and sixteen matched comparison participants took part in two distinct visuo-motor association experiments designed to separately vary the demands of sensory and episodic controls (first experiment) and contextual and episodic controls (second experiment). Participants with HFA/AS demonstrated no significant differences in performances with comparison participants when they had to control sensory or contextual information. However, they showed decreased accuracy when having to control information related to episodic signals. Remarkably, performances in episodic control were associated to the autism spectrum quotient in both groups, suggesting that this episodic control impairment might be at the core of ASDs. Those results plead for a specific, rather than generalised, deficit in executive functions in autism. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the impaired cognitive processes that are unique to autism and warrants confirmation using other models of executive functions.
journal_name
J Psychiatr Resjournal_title
Journal of psychiatric researchauthors
Barbalat G,Leboyer M,Zalla Tdoi
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
26-35eissn
0022-3956issn
1879-1379pii
S0022-3956(14)00210-6journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In previous studies of schizophrenic patients, neuromuscular (histopathological and electrophysiological) and psychomotor (finger tapping) abnormalities were found. The present study was designed to investigate relationships between these abnormalities and a family history of psychosis in 14 schizophrenic patients and...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00031-5
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression has a chronic and recurrent course often with early onset and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. In contrast to diagnoses for other conditions which rely on precise medical tests, the diagnosis of depression still focuses exclusively on symptom reports. As a result, heterogeneous patient groups a...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.004
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suicidal behaviour poses a significant public health concern. Research into the factors that distinguish between the emergence of suicide ideation and the enactment of a suicide attempt is crucial. This study tests central tenets of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behaviour (IMV, O'Connor and ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.07.007
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Repeated exposure to the traumatic memory (RETM) is a common component of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This treatment is based on a fear extinction model; however, the degree to which this treatment actually engages and modifies neural networks mediating fear extinction is unknown. Th...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.013
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary care patients with infrequent panic attacks were found to have similar levels of disability in their social, family and vocational functioning to patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Both panic subgroups had significantly more functional disability than controls. Patients with panic and infr...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(95)00006-q
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the evening of 13 November 2015, the deadliest terror attacks in France in recent times occurred in the Paris area. Overall, 130 people were killed, 643 were physically injured and several thousands were psychologically impacted. Thousands of first responders, including health professionals, firefighters, affil...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.018
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:This prospective study aimed to assess symptomatic evolution of patients diagnosed with Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) four and half years after the initial UARS diagnosis. For this purpose, 138 UARS patients were contacted by mail between 43 and 69 months after the initial evaluation; 105 responded...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.03.007
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken of fasting and post-prandial blood levels of glucose and a number of gastrointestinal hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. After an overnight fast their blood levels of glucose, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were significantly lower than those of age-sex matched healthy volunteers. Ther...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(85)90019-6
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of intramuscular (IM)-olanzapine (OLA-IM) versus controls in agitated patients. The risk ratio, number-needed-to-treat/harm, and standardized mean difference based on a random effects model were calculated. We identified...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.07.005
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Studies have documented the significant direct and indirect psychological, social, and economic consequences of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries but little is known on its impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already facing difficult living conditions and having vulnerab...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.031
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is part of the TGF-β superfamily and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Changes in GDNF homeostasis have been reported in affective disorders. AIM:To assess serum GDNF concentration in elderly subjects with late-life depression, befo...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.09.007
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Both decrease in bone mineral density and increase in bone turnover had been reported in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls. But the effect of antidepressant treatment on markers of bone turnover is not studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment of a ma...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.04.005
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental evidences suggest that Panic Disorder (PD) is characterized by abnormalities in respiratory and vestibular functions. We studied balance system function in patients with PD and its relationships with CO(2) reactivity and clinical characteristics. Nineteen patients with PD with/without agoraphobia underwen...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00031-0
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical and sociodemographic findings have supported that OCD is heterogeneous and composed of multiple potentially overlapping and stable symptom dimensions. Previous neuroimaging investigations have correlated different patterns of OCD dimension scores and gray matter (GM) volumes. Despite their relevant ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An exploratory cross-cultural study was undertaken of two widely used self-rating scales: the Zung and the Depression Scale on the 90 Item Symptom Checklist, or SCL-Depression. Both scales were translated into Hmong and tested in two samples of Hmong refugees in the U.S.A. One sample (n = 86) consisted of a field surv...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0022-3956(86)90010-5
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Disturbances in thyroid function have been associated with use of psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotics. Still, the thyroid function in relation to commonly prescribed antipsychotic drugs and polypharmacy is not fully known. We investigated thyroid function associated with use of antipsychotics in pat...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.014
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysfunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, which is modulated by excitatory amino acids (EAA), is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The effects of antipsychotics on EAA metabolism are uncertain. Positive clinical effects of treatment with antipsychotics were not always associated with changes in...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.015
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been found to ameliorate symptoms in major depression. However, its mechanism of action has to be further elucidated and the relationship between responses to rTMS and other antidepressant interventions except electroconvulsive therapy has not been investigated t...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00059-0
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective was to explore psychiatric disorders as potential predictors of sleep duration. A cross-sectional survey study with a probability sample of residents of a northern German area was carried out. There were 4075 study participants, aged 18--64 years, with a participation rate of 70.2%. Face-to-face in-home ...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.01.006
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is essential in the regulation of stress responses. Increased methylation of the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) has been described both in subjects with history of childhood trauma and in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). How...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.011
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the correlates of a major depressive disorder and its treatment in the general population. The sample was composed of 6694 individuals aged between 18 and 96 years, representative of the general population of the states of California and New York (48 million inhabitants aged 18 years or older). The...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.10.006
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to delineate differences in inpatient service utilization and functional and subjective outcomes between veterans with a serious mental illness (SMI) and those with co-occurring serious mental illnesses and substance abuse (SA) disorders. This study assessed 2-year inpatient utilization a...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00015-6
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gray matter reduction and ventricular enlargement belong to the best replicated findings in schizophrenia. Brain morphologic changes were also found in non-schizophrenic family members (FM). The intention of this study was to examine whether non-psychotic first-degree relatives reveal similar morphologic cha...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.04.009
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to explore the associations between daily cannabis use and the specific profiles of subclinical symptoms in a non-clinical population obtained through snowball sampling, taking into account alcohol use, other drug use, social exclusion and age at onset of cannabis use. We included 85 daily cannabis us...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.003
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous research has demonstrated altered neuronal responses to visual stimulation with food in anorexia nervosa, varying with the motivational state of hunger or satiety. The aim of the present fMRI study was to assess hunger- and satiety-dependent alterations in the gustatory processing of stimulation wit...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.07.012
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drop-out is a common phenomenon in clinical trials of drug treatments involving longitudinal assessments for a fixed duration of follow-up. For these trials intent-to-treat (IT) analysis is usually preferred because time effects are seen in practice. The IT analysis mandates that all subjects randomized to a treatment...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00058-2
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:At effective doses, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with duloxetine have been found to experience significant symptom improvement as measured by HAMD(17) total score. In addition, duloxetine-treated patients have significantly higher remission and response rates compared with placebo. Th...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.06.013
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that peripheral markers related to oxidative stress, inflammation and neurotrophins may be altered during mood episodes in bipolar disorder. These can be seen as proxies of peripheral toxicity or markers of illness activity. Here we report an en bloc assessment of a set of previously described...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.015
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While placed on different axes of the DSM classification system, borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have important relationships with trauma, and overlap between these disorders has long been recognized. The current study is the first to examine comorbidity of PTSD and BPD i...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.016
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) continues to be based on meeting phenomenological and descriptive criteria. As of yet, there is still no non-invasive, peripheral biomarker that would allow for a certain diagnosis of MDD. The objective of this paper is to use the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analy...
journal_title：Journal of psychiatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.017
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
