Abstract：
:The solar ultraviolet-B (UVB)/vitamin D/cancer hypothesis was proposed by the brothers Cedric and Frank Garland in 1980. In 2002, the list was increased to 15 types of cancer using data in the 1999 version of the atlas of cancer mortality rates in the United States. Ecological studies of cancer incidence and/or mortality rates with respect to indices of solar UVB doses have also been reported for Australia, China, France, Japan, and Spain with largely similar findings. In addition, several studies using nonmelanoma skin cancer as the index of solar UVB dose have found reduced internal cancer incidence and/or mortality rates, especially in sunny countries. A study of cancer incidence with respect to 54 categories of occupation in five Nordic countries, using lip cancer less lung cancer as the UVB index, found this index inversely correlated with 14 types of internal cancers for males and four for females. Observational studies with respect to UVB doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations also support the hypothesis. Hill's criteria for causality in a biological system to assess whether solar UVB and vitamin D can be considered causal in reducing risk of cancer. The primary criteria for this analysis include strength of association, consistent findings in different populations, biological gradient, plausibility (e.g., mechanisms), and experimental verification (e.g., randomized controlled trials). The totality of evidence is judged to satisfy the criteria very well for breast and colorectal cancer, and moderately well for several other types of cancer.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Grant WBdoi
10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
52-68eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
810pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:There is no doubt that feeding and nutrient availability modify the metabolism through hormonal changes. It is otherwise interesting to better define the influence of the imposed or freely chosen meal distribution during the day; in fact the daily feed intake in a relatively short time, namely during the daylight, see...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/0-306-46832-8_27
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coxsackie B viruses are a common cause of viral myocarditis in humans. A murine model of the human disease has been developed using Coxsackievirus group B, type 3 and inbred Balb/c mice. Infection of T lymphocyte deficient mice does not result in significant myocarditis indicating the importance of T cells in this dis...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-4472-8_29
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoprotective mechanisms have been evolved by photosynthetic organisms to cope with fluctuating high light conditions. One of these mechanisms downregulates photosynthesis by increasing thermal dissipation of the energy absorbed by the photosystem II antenna. While this process has been well studied in plants, the e...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an endogenous and essential process which maintains cellular homeostasis and directs cell fate. The glomerular diseases are one main part of the kidney diseases, often associated with poor clinical outcomes. The regulation of autophagy contributes to the progression of various glomerular diseases, includi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_35
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinicopathological observations have revealed that the expression level of a carbohydrate antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) FH6 in colorectal carcinomas is higher at advanced stages than at early stages. The present study aimed to elucidate whether human colon carcinoma cell surface glycans recogniz...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_25
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevalence of zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis (bTB) disease in human population is underreported from the North of Pakistan. Here, we report on the proportion of human bTB disease among the overall TB patients, drug resistance pattern of bTB isolates, and knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP)-based analysis of bTB dis...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_170
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play a major role during cancer development and progression in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a serine protease normally expressed in neutrophil primary granules. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a mechanism used by neutrophils, has been t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_2
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we discuss the issues encountered when trying to perform hearing experiments in water-filled tanks that are several meters in lateral extent, typically large in terms of the size of the animals under study but not necessarily so with respect to the wavelengths of interest. This paper presents measuremen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_43
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Before the advent of ubiquitin immunochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy, there was no known intracellular molecular commonality between neurodegenerative diseases. The application of antibodies which primarily detect ubiquitin protein conjugates has shown that all of the human and animal idiopathic and trans...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-0335-0_33
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery that PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains can function as lipid-binding modules, in particular interacting with phosphoinositides (PIs), was made more than 10 years ago (Mol Cell 9(6): 1215-1225, 2002). Confirmatory studies and a series of functional follow-ups established PDZ domains as dual specificit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_4
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently reported that volatile anaesthetics directly depress the isolated glomus cell response to hypoxia, halothane more so than sevoflurane, in a manner mimicking the action of these agents on the human hypoxic ventilatory response. We wished to extend these investigations to action of another agent (isoflurane)...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_41
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The passage of CO2 through water layers is attended by concurrent transport of (bi)carbonate. Since both bicarbonate and carbonate are charged molecules, their diffusion may evoke electric potentials and thus there will be interaction with all other ions present in the solution. Such effects have been described in the...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3291-6_44
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory CD8⁺ T cells play an essential role in controlling pathogenic infections. Therefore generating protective memory CD8⁺ T cells by vaccination is an attractive strategy for preventing and treating a variety of human diseases. Understanding what comprises a protective memory CD8⁺ T cell response will help optimize...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-6217-0_9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surfactants are chemically synthesized surface-active compounds widely used for large number of applications in various industries. During last few years there is increase demand of biological surface-active compounds or biosurfactants which are produced by large number of microorganisms as they exert biodegradability...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_11
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carotid body (CB) is organized in clusters of lobules containing type I cells and type II cells, in a ratio of approximately 4:1. The CB undergoes structural and functional changes during perinatal development, in response to a variety of environmental stimuli and in pathological conditions. Knowing that the CB ac...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-91137-3_13
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present here an experimental approach for exploring a new class of tumor biomarkers that are overexpressed by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and are likely targetable in immunotherapy against tumor metastasis. Using carbohydrate microarrays, anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were scanned against a large panel...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_15
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross sectional segments were removed from the uteri of pregnant and pseudopregnant mice and incubated in vitro with labeled amino acids. Proteins that were synthesized and secreted by these explants were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and localized by fluorography. As expected, the ov...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-1297-0_12
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multidrug-resistance (MDR), caused by overexpression of either P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or the multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP), is characterised by a decreased cellular drug accumulation. One form of MDR is the sequestration of the drug inside cytoplasmic vesicles followed by an a exocytotic and/or efflux pr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_17
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin A is metabolized to several biologically active compounds, the best known of which is retinoic acid. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of tumor cells and to induce a more differentiated phenotype in several tumor types. Vitamin D is metabolized to the active compound 1,25-dihydrox...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0949-7_1
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of the G-protein coupled receptor 54 (kisspeptin receptor) and its ligand, kisspeptin, our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that govern the pituitary-gonadal axis has evolved dramatically. In this chapter, we have reviewed progress regarding the relationship between kisspeptin and pu...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soundscape ecological research in terrestrial systems is relatively new. In this paper, I present a brief summary of the origins of this research area, describe research questions related to several research thrusts that are ongoing, summarize several soundscape projects that exist and how these relate to the research...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_103
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1st International Conference on Oral Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome (OMIM) took place at the Avra Imperial Hotel, Chania, Crete, Greece, between 26th and 30th September 2018, under the auspices of the Aegean Conferences. This was the first Aegean Conference of its kind in thematic oral research, and a unique ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type：
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_1
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanobacteria become increasingly dominant as concentrations of TP and TN increase during eutrophication of lakes, rivers and estuaries. Temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria blooms are variable--in some systems persistent blooms occur in summer to fall, whereas in other systems blooms are more sporadic. Cyanobacteria bl...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75865-7_33
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of the crosslinks epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine and epsilon- (beta-aspartyl) lysine present in treated wool has been improved by modifying the enzymic digestion. Treatment of wool with either monocarboxylic acid chlorides in dimethylsulfoxide or with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the presence of acetate co...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3282-4_21
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid, non-invasive urine test for early stage alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) would permit risk stratification and treatment of high-risk individuals before ALD leads to irreversible liver damage and death. Urinary metabolomic studies were carried out to identify ALD-associated metabolic biomarkers using Ppara-...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_13
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our in vitro data indicate that peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells under appropriate culture conditions transdifferentiate into endothelial-like cells (ELC), which are characterized by the expression of endothelial markers and the formation of tube-like structures. Dependent on the...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0169-5_6
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of Ca2+ dissociation rate from TnC and decreased cross-bridge detachment rate on the time course of relaxation induced by flash photolysis of diazo-2 in rabbit skinned psoas fibers was investigated at 15 degrees C. A TnC mutant (M82Q TnC) that exhibited increased Ca2+ sensitivity caused by a decreased Ca...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_51
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic nonspecific low back pain is a frequent clinical condition affecting the general population and influencing disability level and quality of life. We performed a single-blinded, randomized, and controlled study to compare the effectiveness of manual pressure release (MPR) and electrical neuromodulation (ENM) tr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2020_605
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the r...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a direct correlation between the level of GBS beta-hemolysin expression and the ability of GBS to injury lung epithelial cells. Electron microscopy suggest the hemolysin acts as a pore-forming cytolysin. beta-hemolysin-associated lung epithelial cell injury is inhibited by surfactant phospholipid, a substance...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_146
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
