[Surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence].

Abstract:

:Stress urinary incontinence in women is a common problem in Germany, with approx. 5 million women suffering from incontinence symptoms. These numbers are increasing, due to demographic changes; the suspected numbers are even higher. Prior to treatment, an extended diagnostic approach - including urodynamics and cystoscopy when necessary - is essential for optimal treatment selection.Primary treatment should be conservative, with pelvic floor training as an essential part of a multi-modal treatment concept. If conservative treatment fails, surgery is necessary and an increasing number of women are being treated with sub-urethral slings. The use of classical and well-known reconstructive surgeries - such as colposuspensions - is decreasing. An artificial urinary sphincter is a seldom indication in women, but a feasible option if the patient is physically and manually fit enough. The following article will summarise current diagnostic approaches and treatment options. :Die weibliche Belastungsinkontinenz stellt ein weit verbreitetes Problem dar. So sind in Deutschland etwa 4 – 5 Millionen Frauen davon betroffen. Die Zahl von Patientinnen wird aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung in Zukunft weiter steigen. Auch muss aufgrund der Tabuisierung des Themas von einer hohen Dunkelziffer an betroffenen Patientinnen ausgegangen werden. Die weibliche Harninkontinenz wird von der International Continence Society (ICS) als jeder unwillkürliche Urinverlust bezeichnet, der objektiv nachweisbar ist und zudem zu sozialer Beeinträchtigung führt.Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung ist eine gründliche urologische Untersuchung zur Evaluation der Art und der Ursache der Inkontinenz. Hierzu sind neben einer gezielten Anamnese der genauen Art der Inkontinenzsymptome und einer körperlichen Untersuchung des Genitalbereiches ggf. auch weiterführende Ultraschall- und Röntgenuntersuchungen der Blase notwendig. Ebenfalls können zur Evaluation der Blasenfunktion eine urodynamische Untersuchung sowie eine Zystoskopie zur Diagnostik notwendig sein. Die Therapieoptionen der Belastungsinkontinenz beinhalten zuerst konservative Maßnahmen wie eine Gewichtsreduktion und eine physiotherapeutische Beübung des Beckenbodens, weitere Möglichkeiten sind eine Elektrostimulation, Konus- sowie Pessar-Therapien und bei Bedarf eine lokale Östrogenisierung in der Postmenopause oder auch ein medikamentöser Therapieversuch mit Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Rezeptoren-Inhibitor (Duloxetin). Bei Versagen der konservativen Therapieoptionen sollte eine operative Therapie mit den Patientinnen besprochen werden.Neben aufwendigen offen-operativen Verfahren der früheren Jahrzehnte wie der Kolposuspension oder der Faszienzügelplastiken haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend minimal-invasive Techniken etabliert, die einfach und schnell durchführbar sind sowie wenig belastend für die Patientinnen und die Belastungsinkontinenz zuverlässig und nachhaltig therapieren. Die spannungsfreien, mitturethralen Schlingen können mittlerweile als etablierte und weitverbreitete Techniken in der Behandlung der Belastungsinkontinenz bezeichnet werden. Die Implantation eines artifiziellen Sphinkters hat sich als sichere und verlässliche Methode zur Behandlung der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz höheren Grades und unterschiedlicher Ätiologie erwiesen, bleibt aktuell aber Spezialfällen vorbehalten.

journal_name

Aktuelle Urol

journal_title

Aktuelle Urologie

authors

Zugor V,Akbarov I,Karapanos L,Heidenreich A

doi

10.1055/s-0043-121479

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-02-01 00:00:00

pages

78-82

issue

1

eissn

0001-7868

issn

1438-8820

journal_volume

49

pub_type

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