Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The use of mechanical restraint (MR) is controversial, and large differences regarding the use of MR are often found among countries. In an earlier study, we observed that MR was used twice as frequently in Denmark than Norway. AIMS:To examine how presumed MR preventive factors of non-medical origin may explain the differing number of MR episodes between Denmark and Norway. METHODS:This study is a cross-sectional survey of psychiatric units. Linear regression was used to assess the confounding effects of the MR preventive factors, i.e. whether a difference in the impact of these factors is evident between Denmark and Norway. RESULTS:Six MR preventive factors confounded [∆exp(B)> 10%] the difference in MR use between Denmark and Norway, including staff education (- 51%), substitute staff (- 17%), acceptable work environment (- 15%), separation of acutely disturbed patients (13%), patient-staff ratio (- 11%), and the identification of the patient's crisis triggers (- 10%). CONCLUSIONS:These six MR preventive factors might partially explain the difference in the frequency of MR episodes observed in the two countries, i.e. higher numbers in Denmark than Norway. One MR preventive factor was not supported by earlier research, the identification of the patient's crisis triggers; therefore, more research on the mechanisms involved is needed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:None of the six MR preventive factors presents any adverse effects; therefore, units in Denmark and Norway may consider investigating the effect of implementing, the identification of the patient's crisis triggers, an increased number of staff per patient, increased staff education, a better work environment and reduced use of substitute staff in practice.
journal_name
Nord J Psychiatryjournal_title
Nordic journal of psychiatryauthors
Bak J,Zoffmann V,Sestoft DM,Almvik R,Siersma VD,Brandt-Christensen Mdoi
10.3109/08039488.2014.996600subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
433-43issue
6eissn
0803-9488issn
1502-4725journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has gained increasing acceptance. This hypothesis assumes a disruption in the normal development of the brain, secondary to genetic factors, environmental factors, or, most likely, a combination of both. After a brief review of the various aetiologic models since the ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/080394801317080792
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was carried out to examine associations between classroom climate and pupils' mental health in primary school, and whether pupils who had emotional and behavioural problems in the second grade are more vulnerable to the effects of a poor classroom climate 4 years later. The study was carried out by means of...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480260242787
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known of the use of mechanical restraint in adolescent psychiatry. AIMS:To investigate the frequency and features of mechanical restraint in the field of Finnish adolescent psychiatry. METHODS:The data were collected in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland, with seven closed and eight open ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2012.699552
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with affective disorder have higher mortality not only because of their affective illness but also because of a higher risk of death from physical illness especially cardiovascular diseases. AIM:To investigate the prevalence in a naturalistic cohort of patient treated at a Mood Disorder Clinic. ME...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2011.595821
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate attitudes towards mental illness displayed by student nurses' with previous contact with mentally disordered persons prior to education in psychiatric nursing and to evaluate trends in attitudes towards mental illness exhibited by student nurses and the public in Sweden. METHODS:Altogether 246 st...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2012.694145
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia and related psychoses are associated with excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Single-site studies on CVD-related risk factors in representative samples of acutely admitted inpatients are scarce. AIMS:To assess the levels of risk factors related to CVD in patients ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2010.522729
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background Immunological mechanisms may be responsible for the development and maintenance of schizophrenia symptoms. Aim The aim of this study is to measure tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor I (sTNF-αRI), and soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (sTNF-αRII...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2015.1122079
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Toxoplasma gondii may play a role in the development of psychiatric diseases by affecting the brain. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between serum toxoplasma IgG positivity and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in children and adolescents. METHOD:Sixty...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2017.1385850
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High levels of childhood traumatic experiences have been observed among substance abusers. There has been insufficient study of the effects of childhood trauma in adulthood. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to research the relationship between childhood trauma, self-esteem, and levels of depression and an...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2014.981856
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of utilization of mental health services (MHS) among Danish veterans with self-reported deployment-related mental problems and to identify predictors for help-seeking behavior for mental problems among veterans.Materials and methods: Data on deployment characteristics was obtained f...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1669072
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there are a great many epidemiological studies of psychiatric diseases and the outcomes of controlled rehabilitation programmes, there is a shortage of studies of routine psychiatric care. This study is a retrospective cohort study of the total number (n=138) of patients receiving inpatient care at a psychiat...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480252803864
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose: Identifying distinct dimensions of negative symptoms in First Episode Schizophrenia (FES) might result in a better understanding and treatment of this invalidating symptomatology. Aim of this study was to examine negative symptom structure in FES patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1695286
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Establishing post-traumatic stress disorder as a psychiatric diagnosis has only marginally increased awareness of traumatic experiences. Traumas are inconsistently recorded in initial psychiatric histories and, when observed, rarely reflected in the primary diagnosis and treatment. The present study aimed to investiga...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480410005828
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies conducted outside of Scandinavia indicate that most adolescents with substance misuse problems suffer from co-morbid mental disorders. The present study assessed the mental health of adolescents seeking help for substance misuse problems in a large Swedish city. Parents' mental health was also examined. The sa...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480701643423
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:After the Nazi occupation, there was a determination to deal with collaborators, coming to the fore with the trial of the traitor Vidkun Quisling. This became as much a contest between psychiatrists as a legal tussle. Norwegian psychiatrists supported the public opinion that collaborationists were mentally il...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2011.650199
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objective of this study was to compare life skills between psychotic patients with substance abuse problems and psychotic patients without substance abuse problems. This is a cross-sectional study of 48 patients (26 inpatients and 22 outpatients) in a clinic for early intervention in psychosis. Patients were ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480600583811
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective: Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder, phenotypically characterized by heightened autonomic nervous system arousal which is accompanied by a high magnitude of emotional reactivity to repetitive and pattern-based auditory stimuli. This study identifies the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in misophon...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1609086
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The nosological entity of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) as an independent diagnostic category has become a subject of controversial opinions. The present study aimed to follow-up the diagnostic stability of index episode of ATPD and to examine the influence of clinical and socio-demographic f...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2011.565800
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this naturalistic and retrospective follow-up study was to identify putative predictors of suicide attempts among young adults at high risk with a particular view on adverse life events. One hundred young adults who had been given emergency treatment for mental health problems in child and adolescent outpat...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480500213626
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conduct disorder (CD) is a condition that describes an aggressive, antisocial and criminal individual with social maladjustment. A diagnostician must consider symptoms, time and function when making a diagnosis. The aim of the article is to provide a general outline of the CD diagnosis described in DSM, using three da...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/08039480802626939
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Shame is an acknowledged part of several psychopathological conditions, but is underrepresented in clinical research. Cook's Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) is the most promising measure, but has mostly been used for testing small clinical samples biased toward depressive pathology and female participants. A...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039480903398177
更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impulsivity is closely related to substance use and abuse, both as a contributor to use and as a consequence of use. Particular dimensions of temperament and character were reported to be associated with trait impulsivity in different populations. AIM:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relatio...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2013.830772
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an efficacious treatment for social phobia (SP), many patients drop out or achieve little or no benefit from treatment. This fact is generally considered an argument for the importance of studies of predictor variables. AIMS:This paper system...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08039480903426929
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the prevalence of personality disorders in a representative sample of patients admitted to inpatient care after a parasuicide, 64 consecutive patients were investigated with structured interviews for DSM-IV personality disorders and clinical interviews for Axis I disorders and suicidal behaviour. We found a...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480152036038
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have focused on conduct problems and co-occurring problems among the youngest children in schools, such as social, internalizing and attention problems. In particular, there is a lack of studies that differentiate between boys and girls in terms of such problems. AIM:The aim of the current study...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08039488.2012.731432
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aims: This study describes changes in alcohol habits in age and gender strata among the Swedish general population during the 21-year period following the Swedish EU membership in 1995. Methods: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was distributed as a postal questionnaire to randomly selected cross-s...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1660912
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Our general objective was to assess the psychological symptoms and the types of causal attributions linked to the symptoms among women chronic pain. METHODS:70 fibromyalgia (FM) patients, 56 chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and 72 healthy controls were assessed within a general hospital setting, using the To...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2010.522596
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the survey was to describe the proportion of smokers and alcohol users in a group of children and adolescents admitted to a German department of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy. In addition, the proportion of smokers in this group of patients was compared with the proportion in the general...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480801984073
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Neurocognitive outcomes are frequently used as indicators of real-world functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). These test results may be influenced by individual differences, such as affective dispositions. Here we investigate the relationship between positive and negative affect and neuropsycho...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2020.1862294
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The CRF family of neuropeptides and receptors is involved in a variety of stress responses, in the regulation of appetite, metabolic and inflammatory processes as well as intestinal movements. From a primarily psychiatric perspective, the present paper reviews the literature on its anatomy, physiology and its involvem...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/08039480801983588
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
