Establishment of assays for human hematopoietic cells in immune deficient mice.

abstract：:Theoretical modeling of quasispecies has progressed in several directions. In this chapter, we review the works of Emmanuel Tannenbaum, who, together with Eugene Shakhnovich at Harvard University and later with colleagues and students at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheva, implemented one of the more useful approaches...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Wagner N,Atsmon-Raz Y,Ashkenasy G

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli is a predominant species among facultative anaerobic bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract. Both its frequent community lifestyle and the availability of a wide array of genetic tools contributed to establish E. coli as a relevant model organism for the study of surface colonization. Several key fact...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Beloin C,Roux A,Ghigo JM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal transport ensures long-range delivery of essential components and signals between proximal and distal areas of the neuron, and it is crucial for neuronal homeostasis and survival. Several pathogens and virulence factors use this route to gain access to the central nervous system, exploiting the complex and stil...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Bercsenyi K,Giribaldi F,Schiavo G

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic differences that potentially account for the attenuation of the Oka vaccine VZV preparation are more clearly defined than for perhaps any other vaccine in current use. This is due in large part to the small number of differences between the vaccine and the parental strain from which it was derived, and to ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Schmid DS

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has so far been difficult to identify genes behind polygenic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type I diabetes (T1D). With proper animal models, some of the complexity behind these diseases can be reduced. The use of linkage analysis and positional cloning of genes ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Johannesson M,Hultqvist M,Holmdahl R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hendra virus, a novel and fatally zoonotic member of the family Paramyxoviridae, was first described in Australia in 1994. Periodic spillover from its natural host (fruit bats) results in catastrophic disease in horses and occasionally the subsequent infection of humans. Prior to 2011, 14 equine incidents involving se...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Field H,Crameri G,Kung NY,Wang LF

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative-strand RNA virus particles are formed by a process that includes the assembly of viral components at the plasma membranes of infected cells and the subsequent release of particles by budding. Here, we review recent progress that has been made in understanding the mechanisms of negative-strand RNA virus assemb...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Schmitt AP,Lamb RA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While more and more attention has been paid to CpG-DNA with respect to its usefulness as an adjuvant, its molecular mechanism of action is less well defined. Over the last few years, at least two major signalling pathways have been shown to be utilized by CpG-DNA: the NF-kappa B activation pathway and the stress-kinas...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Häcker H

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the bona fide Fc receptor for IgM antibody (FcµR) was identified eight years ago, much progress has been made in defining its biochemical nature, cellular distribution, and effector function. However, there are clearly conflicting results, especially about the cellular distribution and function of murine FcµR. I...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kubagawa H,Skopnik CM,Zimmermann J,Durek P,Chang HD,Yoo E,Bertoli LF,Honjo K,Radbruch A

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hemagglutinin (HA) is a prime determinant of the pathogenicity of influenza A viruses. It initiates infection by binding to cell surface receptors and by inducing membrane fusion. The fusion capacity of HA depends on cleavage activation by host proteases, and it has long been known that highly pathogenic avian inf...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E,Garten W,Matrosovich M,Klenk HD

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cell development is a process tightly regulated by the orchestrated signaling of cytokine receptors, the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) and the B cell receptor (BCR). It commences with common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) up-regulating the expression of B cell-related genes and committing to the B cell lineage. Cytokine sig...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Clark MR,Cooper AB,Wang LD,Aifantis I

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an experimental model that closely resembles human autoimmune gastritis, the underlying pathology of pernicious anemia. Pathogenic CD4+ T cells are reactive to the parietal cell autoantigen, H/K ATPase, and are controlled by CD4+CD25+ T cells in an immunosuppressive cytokine-independent m...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： McHugh RS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhabdoviruses, mainly in rainbow trout, are among the most devastating viruses for worldwide aquaculture. To date no effective treatments to fight against these viruses are available. During the past years, several approaches to develop efficient vaccines have been undertaken such as the use of immunogenic recombinant...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Brémont M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate pattern recognition receptors are implicated in first-line defense against pathogens but also participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis and response to injury. This chapter reviews the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in neuronal and glial responses that are associated with neurodegeneration. Accompany...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Owens T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CBA/N strain carries xid, a murine btk missense mutation that reduces peripheral B cell numbers. Using in vivo BrdU labeling and cytofluorimetry, we have compared the magnitude, production rates, and turnover rates of each B lineage subset in the marrow and periphery of CBA/Ca and CBA/N mice. Our results show the ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Cancro MP,Sah AP,Levy SL,Allman DM,Constantinescu D,Schmidt MR,Woodland RT

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptospires are spirochetes that may be free-living saprophytes found in freshwater or may cause acute or chronic infection of animals. The family Leptospiraceae comprises three genera: Leptospira Leptospira Leptonema Leptonema, and Turneriella Turneriella. Within the genus Leptospira, three clades can be distinguishe...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Levett PN

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poliovirus (PV) is the causal agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, an acute disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in flaccid paralysis. The development of new animal and cell models has allowed the key steps of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis to be investigated at the molecular level. In particular, it ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Blondel B,Colbère-Garapin F,Couderc T,Wirotius A,Guivel-Benhassine F

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thus, in our studies, we demonstrated that CpG ODN are effective in preventing the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Antigen-associated elevation of serum IgE levels is also suppressed. CpG ODN, administered in conjunction with antigen, is also ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kline JN

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world's population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent grow...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Hislop AD,Taylor GS

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An account is given of the experiences and events which led to a search being undertaken for a causative virus in the recently described Burkitt's lymphoma and of the steps which ultimately culminated in the discovery of the new human herpesvirus which came to be known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Epstein A

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-cell technologies like mass cytometry enable researchers to comprehensively monitor signaling network responses in the context of heterogeneous cell populations. Cell-to-cell variability, the possibly nonlinear topology of signaling processes, and the destructive nature of mass cytometry necessitate nontrivial ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Claassen M

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype,...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Henningham A,Gillen CM,Walker MJ

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measles virus (MV) has two envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein, which are responsible for attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, also called CD150), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on immune cells, acts as the principal cellular rece...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Yanagi Y,Takeda M,Ohno S,Hashiguchi T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been estimated that there are more microorganisms within and upon the human body than there are human cells. By necessity, every accessible niche must be defended by innate mechanisms to prevent invasive infection, and ideally that precludes the need for robust inflammatory responses. Yet the potential for path...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Yeaman MR,Bayer AS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Torque teno (TT) viruses have been more frequently reported in malignant biopsies when compared to normal control tissue. The possible contribution of TT virus infection to human carcinogenesis or the potential oncolytic functions of these virus infections are being discussed based on available experimental evidence. ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： zur Hausen H,de Villiers EM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Promoting remyelination following injury to the central nervous system (CNS) promises to be an effective neuroprotective strategy to limit the loss of surviving axons and prevent disability. Studies confirm that multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury lesions contain myelinating cells and their progenitors. Rec...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Warrington AE,Rodriguez M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenoviruses contain genes that have evolved to control the host immune and inflammatory responses; however, it is not clear whether these genes function primarily to facilitate survival of the virus during acute infection or during its persistent phase. These issues have assumed greater importance as the use of adeno...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Fessler SP,Delgado-Lopez F,Horwitz MS

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Collective knowledge regarding the occurrence of influenza among swine is incomplete due to inconsistent surveillance of swine populations. In this chapter, we review what surveillance activities exist and some of the practical challenges encountered. Furthermore, to support robust surveillance activities, accurate la...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Detmer S,Gramer M,Goyal S,Torremorell M,Torrison J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and represents one of the most relevant bacterial diseases worldwide. Recent advances have yielded new insights into the molecular basis of the immune response required for restriction of the pathogen and also highlighted determinants of im...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Ablasser A,Dorhoi A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza vaccines are the mainstay of efforts to reduce the substantial health burden from seasonal influenza. Inactivated influenza vaccines have been available since the 1940s and are administered via intramuscular injection. Inactivated vaccines can be given to anyone six months of age or older. Live attenuated, c...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Fiore AE,Bridges CB,Cox NJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00