Drug treatment of mild hypertension to reduce the risk of CHD: is it worth-while?

abstract：:Longitudinal designs are important in medical research and in many other disciplines. Complete longitudinal studies, in which each subject is evaluated at each measurement occasion, are often very expensive and motivate a search for more efficient designs. Recently developed statistical methods foster the use of inten...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Helms RW

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meta-analysis is the methodology for combining findings from similar research studies asking the same question. When the question of interest involves multiple outcomes, multivariate meta-analysis is used to synthesize the outcomes simultaneously taking into account the correlation between the outcomes. Likelihood-bas...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ma Y,Mazumdar M

更新日期：2011-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Omitted variable bias is discussed in the context of linear models. It is shown that the effect of omitted variables can be controlled in linear models for metric dependent variables by using data from follow-up studies. Two different models for analysing such data are proposed. In the first model the omitted variable...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Rehm J,Arminger G,Kohlmeier L

更新日期：1992-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigates the performance of several statistical tests to detect publication bias in diagnostic meta-analysis by means of simulation. While bivariate models should be used to pool data from primary studies in diagnostic meta-analysis, univariate measures of diagnostic accuracy are preferable for t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bürkner PC,Doebler P

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:For robust detection performance, traditional control chart monitoring for biosurveillance is based on input data free of trends, day-of-week effects, and other systematic behaviour. Time series forecasting methods may be used to remove this behaviour by subtracting forecasts from observations to form residuals for al...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Burkom HS,Murphy SP,Shmueli G

更新日期：2007-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The focus of this paper is the development of a range of cluster detection diagnostics that can be used to assess the degree to which a clustering method recovers the true clustering behaviour of small area data. The diagnostics proposed range from individual region specific diagnostics to neighbourhood diagnostics, a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hossain MM,Lawson AB

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Jimma Infant Survival Differential Longitudinal Study is an Ethiopian study, set up to establish risk factors affecting infant survival and to investigate socio-economic, maternal and infant-rearing factors that contribute most to the child's early survival. Here, a subgroup of about 1500 children born in Jimma to...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lesaffre E,Asefa M,Verbeke G

更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Screening and diagnostic tests are important in disease prevention or control. The predictive values of positive and negative (PPV and NPV) test results are two of four operational characteristics of a screening test. We review an existing method based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for compa...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wang W,Davis CS,Soong SJ

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy trials have two special features: a delayed treatment effect and a cure rate. Both features violate the proportional hazard model assumption and ignoring either one of the two features in an immunotherapy trial design will result in substantial loss of statistical power. To properly design immunot...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wei J,Wu J

更新日期：2020-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Parameters for latent transition analysis (LTA) are easily estimated by maximum likelihood (ML) or Bayesian method via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, unusual features in the likelihood can cause difficulties in ML and Bayesian inference and estimation, especially with small samples. In this study we explore...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chung H,Lanza ST,Loken E

更新日期：2008-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative effectiveness research represents the kind of research that arguably more directly affects clinical practice and policy. It includes observational studies, clinical trials, and systematic syntheses of existing literature. In this commentary, I argue for the ongoing and critical role of randomization in com...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lauer MS

更新日期：2012-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomarkers that predict the efficacy of treatment can potentially improve clinical outcomes and decrease medical costs by allowing treatment to be provided only to those most likely to benefit. We consider the design of a randomized clinical trial in which one objective is to evaluate a treatment selection marker. The...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Janes H,Brown MD,Pepe MS

更新日期：2015-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:It is not uncommon for a continuous outcome variable Y to be dichotomized and analysed using logistic regression. Moser and Coombs (Statist. Med. 2004; 23:1843-1860) provide a method for converting the output from a standard linear regression analysis using the original continuous outcome Y to give much more efficient...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Jiang Y,Scott A,Wild CJ

更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Screening for a disease such as cancer is often regarded as a beneficial and successful strategy for reducing mortality. However, as with any clinical treatment or intervention, benefit cannot be assumed, and screening can entail both costs and harms, so the screening as a 'treatment' must undergo evaluation. An evalu...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kafadar K,Prorok PC

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Exploring the possible reasons for heterogeneity between studies is an important aspect of conducting a meta-analysis. This paper compares a number of methods which can be used to investigate whether a particular covariate, with a value defined for each study in the meta-analysis, explains any heterogeneity. The main ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Thompson SG,Sharp SJ

更新日期：1999-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In a cluster randomized cross-over trial, all participating clusters receive both intervention and control treatments consecutively, in separate time periods. Patients recruited by each cluster within the same time period receive the same intervention, and randomization determines order of treatment within a cluster. ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Turner RM,White IR,Croudace T,PIP Study Group.

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In population-based case-control studies, an attempt is made to identify all incident cases diagnosed in a specified population during a fixed time interval. Assuming that this goal is met allows one to obtain measures of risk other than relative risks. In this paper, we describe three approaches to estimate exposure-...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Benichou J,Wacholder S

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Blinded estimation of variance allows for changing the sample size without compromising the integrity of the trial. Some of the methods that estimate the variance in a blinded manner either make untenable assumptions or are only applicable to two-treatment trials. We propose a new method for continuous endpoints that ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xing B,Ganju J

更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Timeliness of a public health surveillance system is one of its most important characteristics. The process of predicting the present situation using available incomplete information from surveillance systems has received the term nowcasting and has high public health interest. Generally in Europe, general practitione...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nunes B,Natário I,Lucília Carvalho M

更新日期：2013-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:R2 has been criticized as a measure of model performance when predicting a dichotomous outcome, both because its value is often low and because it is sensitive to the prevalence of the event of interest. The C statistic is more widely used to measure model performance in a 0/1 setting. We use a simple parametric famil...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ash A,Shwartz M

更新日期：1999-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Children's Study is a national household probability sample designed to identify 100,000 children at birth and follow the sampled children for 21 years. Data from the study will support examining numerous hypotheses concerning genetic and environmental effects on the health and development of children. Th...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Montaquila JM,Brick JM,Curtin LR

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In observational studies with censored data, exposure-outcome associations are commonly measured with adjusted hazard ratios from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) up to a pre-specified time point is an alternative measure that offers a clinically m...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Conner SC,Sullivan LM,Benjamin EJ,LaValley MP,Galea S,Trinquart L

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:I derive the locally most powerful rank tests for acceleration against semi-parametric alternatives when some patients are cured of the disease. I consider some particular classes of alternatives and present simulation results to verify the validity of the proposed tests. Real data from clinical trials for childhood l...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee JW

更新日期：1995-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In many chronic diseases, therapy aims to prevent or reduce the frequency of episodes of a disease manifestation, for example cardiac ischaemic episodes or epileptic seizures. Entry criteria for clinical trials typically include a minimum number of episodes within a baseline period, and regression to the mean should b...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： McMahon RP,Proschan M,Geller NL,Stone PH,Sopko G

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Both traditional phase I designs and the increasingly popular continual reassessment method (CRM) designs select an estimate of maximum tolerable dose (MTD) from among a set of prespecified dose levels. Although CRM designs use an implied dose-response model to select the next dose level, in general it is neither assu...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Storer BE

更新日期：2001-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents a statistically optimal exact hypothesis testing procedure for detecting changes in sales adjusted adverse drug reaction (ADR) rates between historical and current periods, with a computer program that implements this test appended. We provide discussions and illustrations on how to monitor ADR rat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Norwood PK,Sampson AR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many settings in which the distribution of error in a mismeasured covariate varies with the value of another covariate. Take, for example, the case of HIV phylogenetic cluster size, large values of which are an indication of rapid HIV transmission. Researchers wish to find behavioral correlates of HIV phylog...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Parveen N,Moodie E,Brenner B

更新日期：2017-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Many observational studies adopt what we call retrospective convenience sampling (RCS). With the sample size in each arm prespecified, RCS randomly selects subjects from the treatment-inclined subpopulation into the treatment arm and those from the control-inclined into the control arm. Samples in each arm are represe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hu Z,Qin J

更新日期：2018-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In observational studies, many continuous or categorical covariates may be related to an outcome. Various spline-based procedures or the multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) procedure can be used to identify important variables and functional forms for continuous covariates. This is the main aim of an explanatory...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Binder H,Sauerbrei W,Royston P

更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:One is often interested in the ratio of two variables, for example in genetics, assessing drug effectiveness, and in health economics. In this paper, we derive an explicit geometric solution to the general problem of identifying the two tangents from an arbitrary external point to an ellipse. This solution permits num...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Walter SD,Gafni A,Birch S

更新日期：2008-12-10 00:00:00