Abstract:
:Exploring the possible reasons for heterogeneity between studies is an important aspect of conducting a meta-analysis. This paper compares a number of methods which can be used to investigate whether a particular covariate, with a value defined for each study in the meta-analysis, explains any heterogeneity. The main example is from a meta-analysis of randomized trials of serum cholesterol reduction, in which the log-odds ratio for coronary events is related to the average extent of cholesterol reduction achieved in each trial. Different forms of weighted normal errors regression and random effects logistic regression are compared. These analyses quantify the extent to which heterogeneity is explained, as well as the effect of cholesterol reduction on the risk of coronary events. In a second example, the relationship between treatment effect estimates and their precision is examined, in order to assess the evidence for publication bias. We conclude that methods which allow for an additive component of residual heterogeneity should be used. In weighted regression, a restricted maximum likelihood estimator is appropriate, although a number of other estimators are also available. Methods which use the original form of the data explicitly, for example the binomial model for observed proportions rather than assuming normality of the log-odds ratios, are now computationally feasible. Although such methods are preferable in principle, they often give similar results in practice.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Thompson SG,Sharp SJdoi
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::aid-ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-30 00:00:00pages
2693-708issue
20eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258pii
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::AID-Sjournal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Modelling disease clustering over space and time can be helpful in providing indications of possible exposures and planning corresponding public health practices. Though a considerable number of studies focus on modelling spatio-temporal patterns of disease, most of them do not directly model a spatio-temporal cluster...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2424
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Effective statistical help to biological and medical research demands thorough involvement of the statistician. The breadth of his activities can be illustrated by considering the questions he needs to discuss with his scientific colleagues in the course of planning a comparative experiment. The paper presents and com...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780010103
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of long term survival of 1487 patients given an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for acute myelogenous leukaemia and 729 patients given a transplant for severe aplastic anaemia was conducted by the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. One aim of this study is to determine if the mortality rates of t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990630)18:12<1529::aid-s
更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Relative survival provides a measure of the proportion of patients dying from the disease under study without requiring the knowledge of the cause of death. We propose an overall strategy based on regression models to estimate the relative survival and model the effects of potential prognostic factors. The baseline ha...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2656
更新日期:2007-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the problem of testing a hypothesized distribution in survival regression models when the data is right censored and survival times are influenced by covariates. A modified chi-squared type test, known as Nikulin-Rao-Robson statistic, is applied for the comparison of accelerated failure time models. This st...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7244
更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops methods of analysis for active extension clinical trials. Under this design, patients are randomized to treatment or placebo for a period of time (period 1), and then all patients receive treatment for an additional period of time (period 2). We assume a continuous outcome is measured at baseline a...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2720
更新日期:2007-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing and comparing the performance of correlated predictive scores are of current interest in precision medicine. Given the limitations of available theoretical approaches for assessing and comparing the predictive accuracy, numerical methods are highly desired which, however, have not been systematically develop...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8566
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::In a cluster randomized cross-over trial, all participating clusters receive both intervention and control treatments consecutively, in separate time periods. Patients recruited by each cluster within the same time period receive the same intervention, and randomization determines order of treatment within a cluster. ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2537
更新日期:2007-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::In the analysis of survival data, there are often competing events that preclude an event of interest from occurring. Regression analysis with competing risks is typically undertaken using a cause-specific proportional hazards model. However, modern alternative methods exist for the analysis of the subdistribution haz...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4123
更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of panel data is often challenged by the presence of heterogeneity and state misclassification. In this paper, we propose a hidden mover-stayer model to facilitate heterogeneity for a population that consists of two subpopulations each of movers or of stayers and to simultaneously account for state misclassif...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7346
更新日期:2017-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::We explore the 'reassessment' design in a logistic regression setting, where a second wave of sampling is applied to recover a portion of the missing data on a binary exposure and/or outcome variable. We construct a joint likelihood function based on the original model of interest and a model for the missing data mech...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6456
更新日期:2015-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we develop a method for the simultaneous estimation of spectral density functions (SDFs) for a collection of stationary time series that share some common features. Due to the similarities among the SDFs, the log-SDF can be represented using a common set of basis functions. The basis shared by the colle...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7972
更新日期:2018-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::We review two recent trends: the emergence of evidence-based medicine and the growing use of Bayesian statistics in medical applications. Evidence-based medicine requires an integrated assessment of the available evidence, and associated uncertainty, but there is also an emphasis on decision-making, for individual pat...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20001215)19:23<3291::aid-sim627>
更新日期:2000-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Quality of life (QOL) assessment is a key component of many clinical studies and frequently requires the use of single global summary measures that capture the overall balance of findings from a potentially wide-ranging assessment of QOL issues. We propose and evaluate an irregular multilevel latent variable model sui...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4455
更新日期:2012-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Multi-state models are useful for modelling disease progression where the state space of the process is used to represent the discrete disease status of subjects. Often, the disease process is only observed at clinical visits, and the schedule of these visits can depend on the disease status of patients. In such situa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6582
更新日期:2015-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Relative survival is used to estimate patient survival excluding causes of death not related to the disease of interest. Rather than using cause of death information from death certificates, which is often poorly recorded, relative survival compares the observed survival to that expected in a matched group from the ge...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2399
更新日期:2005-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::We present methods for binomial regression when the outcome is determined using the results of a single diagnostic test with imperfect sensitivity and specificity. We present our model, illustrate it with the analysis of real data, and provide an example of WinBUGS program code for performing such an analysis. Conditi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1656
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical methods for analyzing recurrent events have attracted significant attention. The majority of existing works consider situations in which subjects are observed over time periods and events of interest that occurred during the course of follow-up are recorded. In some applications, a subject may leave the st...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8042
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Detecting safety signals in clinical trial safety data is known to be challenging due to high dimensionality, rare occurrence, weak signal, and complex dependence. We propose a new hierarchical testing approach for analyzing safety data from a typical randomized clinical trial. This approach accounts for the hierarchi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8495
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::A trial of Duchenne muscular dystrophy involved tracking boys of all ages through a one-year baseline period, followed by a one-year trial of leucine versus placebo treatment. In this paper we develop a model for a total-muscle-strength score that uses the data of the extended baseline period in the evaluation of the ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4780050304
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses and compares several estimators of mean rate of change in unbalanced longitudinal data based on a model with randomly distributed regression coefficients across individuals. The estimators are unweighted and weighted means of these coefficients. The paper also evaluates commonly used variance esti...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780060509
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incomplete and unbalanced multivariate data often arise in longitudinal studies due to missing or unequally-timed repeated measurements and/or the presence of time-varying covariates. A general approach to analysing such data is through maximum likelihood analysis using a linear model for the expected responses, and s...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780070132
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we proposed a mechanistic breast cancer survival model based on the axillary lymph node chain structure, considering lymph nodes as a potential dissemination arrangement. We assume a naive breast cancer treatment protocol consisting of exposing patients first to a chemotherapy treatment on r intervals a...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5576
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated interobserver variation between three physician readers in the independent classification of chest radiographs from 1771 taconite workers for pneumoconiosis. We analysed variation with a general methodology for the analysis of categorical data, and quantified interobserver agreement in terms of kappa-t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780030109
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the medical literature, hundreds of prediction models are being developed to predict health outcomes in individuals. For continuous outcomes, typically a linear regression model is developed to predict an individual's outcome value conditional on values of multiple predictors (covariates). To improve model developm...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7993
更新日期:2019-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Assay sensitivity has been proposed as a criterion for including psychiatric clinical outcome studies in meta-analyses. The authors assess the performance of assay sensitivity as a method for determining study appropriateness for meta-analysis by calculating expected standard drug vs placebo effect sizes for various c...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2240
更新日期:2006-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::When estimating the average effect of a binary treatment (or exposure) on an outcome, methods that incorporate propensity scores, the G-formula, or targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) are preferred over naïve regression approaches, which are biased under misspecification of a parametric outcome model. In con...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7628
更新日期:2018-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Meta analysis is a collection of quantitative methods devoted to combine summary information from related but independent studies. Because research reports usually present only data reductions and summary statistics rather than detailed data, the reviewer must often resort to rather crude methods for constructing summ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2287
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::A method has been developed for simultaneously comparing the usefulness of many treatments of established value for symptomatic medical conditions. Medical assessment of outcome is not employed. Instead patients are required to assess treatments prescribed during the course of ordinary general practice rather than und...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4780040104
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical modeling methods have had increasing use in drug disposition studies, both to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and to develop regression models that relate these parameter estimates to patient characteristics. These methods are particularly flexible as they allow non-linearity and sparse within-patient ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970615)16:11<1241::aid-s
更新日期:1997-06-15 00:00:00