Abstract:
:Meta-analysis is the methodology for combining findings from similar research studies asking the same question. When the question of interest involves multiple outcomes, multivariate meta-analysis is used to synthesize the outcomes simultaneously taking into account the correlation between the outcomes. Likelihood-based approaches, in particular restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method, are commonly utilized in this context. REML assumes a multivariate normal distribution for the random-effects model. This assumption is difficult to verify, especially for meta-analysis with small number of component studies. The use of REML also requires iterative estimation between parameters, needing moderately high computation time, especially when the dimension of outcomes is large. A multivariate method of moments (MMM) is available and is shown to perform equally well to REML. However, there is a lack of information on the performance of these two methods when the true data distribution is far from normality. In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric and non-iterative method for multivariate meta-analysis on the basis of the theory of U-statistic and compare the properties of these three procedures under both normal and skewed data through simulation studies. It is shown that the effect on estimates from REML because of non-normal data distribution is marginal and that the estimates from MMM and U-statistic-based approaches are very similar. Therefore, we conclude that for performing multivariate meta-analysis, the U-statistic estimation procedure is a viable alternative to REML and MMM. Easy implementation of all three methods are illustrated by their application to data from two published meta-analysis from the fields of hip fracture and periodontal disease. We discuss ideas for future research based on U-statistic for testing significance of between-study heterogeneity and for extending the work to meta-regression setting.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Ma Y,Mazumdar Mdoi
10.1002/sim.4327subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-30 00:00:00pages
2911-29issue
24eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Health surveillance involves collecting public health data on chronic and infectious diseases to detect changes in disease incidence rates in order to improve public health. Timely detection of disease clusters is essential in prospective public health surveillance. Most existing health surveillance research is based ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3877
更新日期:2011-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::We consider counting process methods for analysing time-to-event data with multiple or recurrent outcomes, using the models developed by Anderson and Gill, Wei, Lin and Weissfeld and Prentice, Williams and Peterson. We compare the methods, and show how to implement them using popular statistical software programs. By ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970930)16:18<2029::aid-s
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been recommended that onset of antidepressant action be assessed using survival analyses with assessments taken at least twice per week. However, such an assessment schedule is problematic to implement. The present study assessed the feasibility of comparing onset of action between treatments using a ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2309
更新日期:2006-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss some of the fundamental concepts underlying the development of frailty and random effects models in survival. One of these fundamental concepts was the idea of a frailty model where each subject has his or her own disposition to failure, their so-called frailty, additional to any effects we wish to quantify...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1259
更新日期:2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination in populations can have several kinds of effects. Establishing that vaccination produces population-level effects beyond the direct effects in the vaccinated individuals can have important consequences for public health policy. Formal methods have been developed for study designs and analysis that can esti...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7392
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::In medical research, risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat (NNT) measures for survival times have been mainly proposed without consideration of covariates. In this paper, we develop adjusted RD and NNT measures for use in observational studies with survival time outcomes within the framework of the Cox propo...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3793
更新日期:2010-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Multi-type recurrent event data arise when two or more different kinds of events may occur repeatedly over a period of observation. The scientific objectives in such settings are often to describe features of the marginal processes and to study the association between the different types of events. Interval-censored m...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1936
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::A method is proposed to infer the randomized treatment effect on survival after an adjustment for a post-randomization variable. The post-randomization variable is made independent of the treatment assignment and is considered a surrogate for baseline prognostic factors. The relationship between the post-randomization...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.968
更新日期:2001-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::In drug-drug interaction (DDI) research, a two drug interaction is usually predicted by individual drug pharmacokinetics (PK). Although subject-specific drug concentration data from clinical PK studies on inhibitor/inducer or substrate's PK are not usually published, sample mean plasma drug concentrations and their st...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/sim.2837
更新日期:2007-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::In any field in which decisions are subject to measurements, interchangeability between the methods used to obtain these measurements is essential. To consider methods as interchangeable, a certain degree of agreement is needed between the measurements they provide. The concordance correlation coefficient is an index ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2397
更新日期:2005-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to show that the sensitivity and specificity estimates obtained by 'discrepant analysis' are biased. Discrepant analysis is a widely used technique that attempts to provide estimates of sensitivity and specificity in the presence of an imperfect gold standard. Many researchers have applied...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970630)16:12<1391::aid-s
更新日期:1997-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although the frequentist paradigm has been the predominant approach to clinical trial design since the 1940s, it has several notable limitations. Advancements in computational algorithms and computer hardware have greatly enhanced the alternative Bayesian paradigm. Compared with its frequentist counterpart, the Bayesi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/sim.5404
更新日期:2012-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::During a course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection, the viral load usually increases sharply to a peak following infection and then drops rapidly to a steady state, where it remains until progression to AIDS. This steady state is often referred to as the viral set point. It is believed that the HIV vira...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3038
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Public health interventions are often designed to target communities defined either geographically (e.g. cities, counties) or socially (e.g. schools or workplaces). The group randomized trial (GRT) is regarded as the gold standard for evaluating these interventions. However, community leaders may object to randomizati...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4237
更新日期:2011-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Residuals in normal regression are used to assess a model's goodness-of-fit (GOF) and discover directions for improving the model. However, there is a lack of residuals with a characterized reference distribution for censored regression. In this article, we propose to diagnose censored regression with normalized rando...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8852
更新日期:2020-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::We point out that the conventional methods for ties correction may be seriously biased when censoring times depend on covariates. A simple modification to the Efron correction method is suggested which works remarkably well in simulation studies. The method corresponds closely to breaking ties by random ordering. The ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2173
更新日期:2005-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative calibration is the broad statistical methodology used to assess the calibration of a set of p instruments, each designed to measure the same characteristic, on a common group of individuals. Different from the usual calibration problem, the true underlying quantity measured is unobservable. Many authors ha...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970830)16:16<1889::aid-s
更新日期:1997-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to a carcinogen is likely to be reflected by temporal clustering of cancer cases among the community members. Detection of such clustering is a complicated task in general and more so in a small workplace community with low turnover rate. In this study we applied the CUSCORE test and the q-interval statistic ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1534
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::There are many settings in which the distribution of error in a mismeasured covariate varies with the value of another covariate. Take, for example, the case of HIV phylogenetic cluster size, large values of which are an indication of rapid HIV transmission. Researchers wish to find behavioral correlates of HIV phylog...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7289
更新日期:2017-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative studies of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures often use a paired design to gain in efficiency. Standard methods for analysing data from paired designs require complete observations. In many studies, however, one of the test results may be missing for some patients. In this paper, we propose a simple cor...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960815)15:15<1687::AID-S
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In longitudinal studies, missing observations occur commonly. It has been well known that biased results could be produced if missingness is not properly handled in the analysis. Authors have developed many methods with the focus on either incomplete response or missing covariate observations, but rarely on both. The ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5536
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a popular technique with applications, for example, investigating an accuracy of a biomarker to delineate between disease and non-disease groups. A common measure of accuracy of a given diagnostic marker is the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In contrast with the AU...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6863
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This field study sought to measure the effects of dental delivery and school-based, dental health education on use of dental health care by children in grades K-6. We attempted to control for two potential confounding factors by an approximate randomization of children into treatment groups with stratification on grad...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4780020107
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses the various philosophies that influence the selection of patients for entry into randomized controlled trials. Although a number of different and often competing issues have to be considered depending upon the trial, keeping entry criteria simple, wide and at times even flexible is usually prefera...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780090114
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-analysis has generally been accepted as a fundamental tool for combining effect estimates from several studies. For binary studies with rare events, the Peto odds ratio (POR) method has become the relative effect estimator of choice. However, the POR leads to biased estimates for the OR when treatment effects are...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6301
更新日期:2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::In behavioral, biomedical, and social-psychological sciences, it is common to encounter latent variables and heterogeneous data. Mixture structural equation models (SEMs) are very useful methods to analyze these kinds of data. Moreover, the presence of missing data, including both missing responses and missing covaria...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3915
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A new, intuitive method has recently been proposed to explore treatment-covariate interactions in survival data arising from two treatment arms of a clinical trial. The method is based on constructing overlapping subpopulations of patients with respect to one (or more) covariates of interest and in observing the patte...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3524
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this commentary, we revisit Sir Austin Bradford Hill's seminal Alfred Watson Memorial Lecture in 1962 through the eyes of two practicing biostatisticians of the current era. We summarize some eternal takeaway messages from Hill's lecture regarding observations and experiments translated through the modern lexicon o...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8830
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the Bayesian procedures for comparing proportions. These procedures are especially suitable for accepting (or rejecting) the equivalence of two population proportions. Furthermore the Bayesian predictive probabilities provide a natural and flexible tool in monitoring trials, especially for choo...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780140924
更新日期:1995-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates the performance of several statistical tests to detect publication bias in diagnostic meta-analysis by means of simulation. While bivariate models should be used to pool data from primary studies in diagnostic meta-analysis, univariate measures of diagnostic accuracy are preferable for t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6177
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00