Abstract：
:When and how humans began to control fire has been a central debate in Paleolithic archaeology for decades. Fire plays an important role in technology, social organization, subsistence, and manipulation of the environment and is widely seen as a necessary adaptation for the colonization of northern latitudes. Many researchers view purported hearths, burnt wooden implements, and heated flints from Schöningen as providing the best evidence for the control of fire in the Lower Paleolithic of Northern Europe. Here we present results of a multianalytical study of the purported hearths along with a critical examination of other possible evidence of human use or control of fire at Schöningen. We conclude that the analyzed features and artifacts present no convincing evidence for human use or control of fire. Our study also shows that a multianalytical, micro-contextual approach is the best methodology for evaluating claims of early evidence of human-controlled fire. We advise caution with macroscopic, qualitative identification of combustion features, burnt flint, and burnt wood without the application of such techniques as micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, organic petrology, luminescence, and analysis of mineral magnetic parameters. The lack of evidence for the human control of fire at Schöningen raises the possibility that fire control was not a necessary adaptation for the human settlement of northern latitudes in the Lower Paleolithic.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Stahlschmidt MC,Miller CE,Ligouis B,Hambach U,Goldberg P,Berna F,Richter D,Urban B,Serangeli J,Conard NJdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.04.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-01 00:00:00pages
181-201eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(15)00085-8journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Geoarchaeological research at the Middle Pleistocene site of Schöningen 13 II-4, often referred to as the Speerhorizont, has focused on describing and evaluating the depositional contexts of the well-known wooden spears, butchered horses, and stone tools. These finds were recovered from the transitional contact betwee...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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abstract：:Homo sapiens sapiens displays a species wide lateralised hand preference, with 85% of individuals in all populations being right-handed for most manual actions. In contrast, no other great ape species shows such strong and consistent population level biases, indicating that extremes of both direction and strength of m...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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abstract：:The aim of this study is to describe the environments where the cercopithecid Mesopithecus was found during latest Miocene in Europe. For this purpose, we investigate the paleoecology of the herbivorous ungulate mesofauna of three very rich late Miocene fossil localities from southwestern Bulgaria: Hadjidimovo, Kalima...
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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abstract：:Relatively few remains of Late Pliocene hominids' knapping activities have been recovered to date, and these have seldom been studied in terms of manual dexterity and technical achievements. With regard to early hominid technological development, the evidence provided by the data from 2.34 Myr site of Lokalalei 2C (Ke...
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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abstract：:The phylogenetic relationships of early Pleistocene Homo crania from the South African sites of Swartkrans and Sterkfontein were investigated through cladistic analyses of 99 morphological characters. The Swartkrans Member 1 specimen SK 847 and the Stw 53 cranium from Sterkfontein Member 5A were treated as separate op...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.008
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sterkfontein Caves is the single richest early hominin site in the world with deposits yielding one or more species of Australopithecus and possible early Homo, as well as an extensive faunal collection. The inability to date the southern African cave sites accurately or precisely has hindered attempts to integrate th...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.014
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Two fragments of a hominin tooth (Australopithecus robustus) and two bovid teeth from the Hanging Remnant of the Swartkrans Formation were analysed with ESR. Research was complicated by the fact that the samples came from a curated collection and their precise provenance is unknown. The environmental dose rate was rec...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:From c. 2 Ma (millions of years ago) onwards, hominin brain size and cognition increased in an unprecedented fashion. The exploitation of high-quality food resources, notably from aquatic ecosystems, may have been a facilitator or driver of this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to contribute to the ongoing debate ...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three assemblages of fallow deer (Dama sp.) bones excavated from the early middle Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage 18) layers of the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel, furnish evidence of systematic and repeated exploitation of complete carcasses by hominins. The excellent state of preservation of the bo...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.010
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abstract：:The recently extinct large-bodied New World monkey Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund 1836 was named based on a distal humerus and proximal femur found in the Lagoa Santa cave system in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. These bones are from an animal about twice the size of the largest extant platyrrhines...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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