Abstract：
:Previous attempts to estimate body mass in pre-Holocene hominins have relied on prediction equations derived from relatively limited extant samples. Here we derive new equations to predict body mass from femoral head breadth and proximal tibial plateau breadth based on a large and diverse sample of modern humans (avoiding the problems associated with using diaphyseal dimensions and/or cadaveric reference samples). In addition, an adjustment for the relatively small femoral heads of non-Homo taxa is developed based on observed differences in hip to knee joint scaling. Body mass is then estimated for 214 terminal Miocene through Pleistocene hominin specimens. Mean body masses for non-Homo taxa range between 39 and 49 kg (39-45 kg if sex-specific means are averaged), with no consistent temporal trend (6-1.85 Ma). Mean body mass increases in early Homo (2.04-1.77 Ma) to 55-59 kg, and then again dramatically in Homo erectus and later archaic middle Pleistocene Homo, to about 70 kg. The same average body mass is maintained in late Pleistocene archaic Homo and early anatomically modern humans through the early/middle Upper Paleolithic (0.024 Ma), only declining in the late Upper Paleolithic, with regional variation. Sexual dimorphism in body mass is greatest in Australopithecus afarensis (log[male/female] = 1.54), declines in Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus (log ratio 1.36), and then again in early Homo and middle and late Pleistocene archaic Homo (log ratio 1.20-1.27), although it remains somewhat elevated above that of living and middle/late Pleistocene anatomically modern humans (log ratio about 1.15).
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Ruff CB,Burgess ML,Squyres N,Junno JA,Trinkaus Edoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
85-111eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(17)30467-0journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The recovery to date of three complete and five partial femora, seven complete tibiae, and four complete fibulae from the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos site provides an opportunity to analyze the biomechanical cross-sectional properties in this Middle Pleistocene population and to compare them with those of other fossi...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.11.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have carried out a comprehensive ESR and U-series dating study on the Lake Mungo 3 (LM3) human skeleton. The isotopic Th/U and Pa/U ratios indicate that some minor uranium mobilization may have occurred in the past. Taking such effects into account, the best age estimate for the human skeleton is obtained through t...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0305
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we report the first occurrence of an endemic African plesiadapiform primate from the early-middle Eocene locality of Glib Zegdou (Hammada du Dra, Algeria). Dralestes (new genus) is a very specialized taxon, and its closest known relative is the enigmatic and controversial genus Azibius from Gour Lazib (H...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.005
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been argued that changes in the relative sizes of visual system structures predated an increase in brain size and provide evidence of brain reorganization in hominins. However, data about the volume and anatomical limits of visual brain structures in the extant taxa phylogenetically closest to humans-the apes-r...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.011
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new species of Homo, Homo naledi, was described in 2015 based on the hominin skeletal remains from the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, South Africa. Subsequent craniodental comparative analyses, both phenetic and cladistic, served to support its taxonomic distinctiveness. Here we provide a new quant...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.007
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The whole collection of Suidae from Kanapoi is revised in the context of the systematics and evolution of Nyanzachoerus in the Pliocene of Eastern Africa. It contains only two species, Nyanzachoerus kanamensis and Notochoerus jaegeri. The size and morphology of their premolars overlap, but not those of their m3s. No t...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.004
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excavations at Liang Bua, on the Indonesian island of Flores, have yielded a stratified sequence of stone artifacts and faunal remains spanning the last 95k.yr., which includes the skeletal remains of two human species, Homo sapiens in the Holocene and Homo floresiensis in the Pleistocene. This paper summarizes and fo...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.08.003
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the closest living sister group of anthropoids, tarsiers (Family Tarsiidae) are an important group in primate evolution. However, their fossil record is poor: only four species have been described, two from the Eocene of China and two from the Miocene of Thailand. All are from outside the range of the living specie...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.015
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence for the acquisition of nutritionally dense food resources by early Pleistocene hominins has implications for both hominin biology and behavior. Aquatic fauna may have comprised a source of highly nutritious resources to hominins in the Turkana Basin at ∼1.95 Ma. Here we employ multiple datasets to examine the...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excavations at Duinefontein (DFT) 2 near Cape Town, South Africa have recovered numerous stone artefacts and animal bones on an ancient surface sealed within iron-stained eolian sands. U-series analysis of an overlying calcrete places the sands before 150 ka ago, while the large mammal taxa imply an age between 400 an...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0307
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early hominid brain morphology is reassessed from endocasts of Australopithecus africanus and three species of Paranthropus, and new endocast reconstructions and cranial capacities are reported for four key specimens from the Paranthropus clade. The brain morphology of Australopithecus africanus appears more human lik...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0378
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of researchers have suggested a functional relationship between dietary variation and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology, yet few studies have evaluated TMJ form in the African apes. In this study, I compare TMJ morphology in adults and during ontogeny in Gorilla (G.g. beringei, G.g. graueri, and G.g. g...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.01.003
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines geographic and temporal variation in three mammalian taxa co-occurring in eastern and southern Africa. The selected taxa-the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), the plains zebra (Equus burchellii), and the impala (Aepyceros melampus)--are geographically widespread in modern times and are abundant in e...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.014
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To address questions regarding the evolutionary origin, radiation and dispersal of the genus Homo, it is crucial to be able to place the occurrence of hominin fossils in a high-resolution chronological framework. The period around 2 Ma (millions of years ago) in eastern Africa is of particular interest as it is at thi...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.002
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most quadrupeds walk with lateral sequence (LS) gaits, where hind limb touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forelimb touchdowns. Primates, however, typically walk with diagonal sequence (DS) gaits, where hind limb touchdowns are followed by contralateral forelimb touchdowns. Because the use of DS gaits is nearly ubi...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.005
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The late Cenozoic climate of East Africa is punctuated by episodes of short, alternating periods of extreme wetness and aridity, superimposed on a regime of subdued moisture availability exhibiting a long-term drying trend. These periods of extreme climate variability appear to correlate with maxima in the 400-thousan...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.12.009
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compare adult and intact neonatal pelves, using a pelvic sagittal variable, the angle of sacral incidence, which presents significant correlations with vertebral curvature in adults and plays an important role in sagittal balance of the trunk on the lower limbs. Since the lumbar curvature develops in the child in a...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.002
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New Neandertal fossils from the Mousterian site of Cova Negra in the Valencia region of Spain are described, and a comprehensive study of the entire human fossil sample is provided. The new specimens significantly augment the sample of human remains from this site and make Cova Negra one of the richest human paleontol...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.011
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The archaeological deposits at Mumba rockshelter, northern Tanzania, have been excavated for more than 70 years, starting with Margit and Ludwig Köhl-Larsen in the 1930s. The assemblages of Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) artefacts collected from this site constitute the type sequences for these cultu...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.004
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Space use in Middle Paleolithic (MP) camps has been suggested as a source of information on the intensity and repetition of occupations and, by extension, of demographics. In the Levant, clear evidence for differential intrasite use and maintenance was important in viewing the late MP Neanderthal sites as base camps i...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102797
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of the degree of similarity or difference between Neanderthals and modern humans in their patterns of dental development remains a controversial matter. Here we report results from the microtomographic-based (SR-microCT) high-resolution structural investigation of the maxilla and mandible of the Neander...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.002
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that functional adaptation of joint surfaces to mechanical loading occurs primarily through change in mass, density, and structure of subarticular trabeculae (the "articular constraint" model) is investigated through an analysis of directional asymmetry among three separate bone compartments in the huma...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spy cave (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium) is reputed for the two adult Neandertal individuals discovered in situ in 1886. Recent reassessment of the Spy collections has allowed direct radiocarbon dating of these individuals. The sorting of all of the faunal collections has also led to the discovery of the remains of a Ne...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.022
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fossil calvaria known as the Mojokerto child's skull was discovered in 1936, but uncertainties have persisted about its paleoenvironmental context and geological age because of difficulties in relocating the discovery site. Past relocation efforts were hindered by inaccuracies in old base maps, intensive post-1930...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Palaeopathological studies of the middle Pleistocene cranium from Florisbad (Free State, South Africa) document the presence of extensive cortical lesions and areas of thinning, a widened medullary cavity with destruction of the diploë, orbital roof lesions, a benign ectocranial neoplasm, and evidence for alveolar des...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Neanderthal bony labyrinth, a structure located inside the petrous temporal bone. Fifteen Neanderthal specimens are compared with a Holocene human sample, as well as with a small number of European Middle Pleistocene hominins, and early anatomically moder...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0047-2484(02)00166-5
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently extinct large-bodied New World monkey Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund 1836 was named based on a distal humerus and proximal femur found in the Lagoa Santa cave system in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. These bones are from an animal about twice the size of the largest extant platyrrhines...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.008
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ESR and U-series analyses of teeth from the palaeoanthropological site of Hexian which contained Homo erectus remains, illustrate the limited effectiveness of stand-alone ESR and U-series age estimates on faunal materials. The problem lies in the unknown U-uptake history causing very large uncertainties in the age res...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1997.0211
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The south coast of South Africa provides the earliest evidence for Middle Stone Age (MSA) coastal resource exploitation by early Homo sapiens. In coastal archaeology worldwide, there has been a debate over the general productivity of intertidal foraging, leading to studies that directly measure productivity in some re...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes three incudes recovered from the Dinaledi Chamber in the Rising Star cave system in South Africa. All three bones were recovered during sieving of excavated sediments and likely represent three Homo naledi individuals. Morphologically and metrically, the Dinaledi ossicles resemble those of chimpan...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.008
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
