Abstract：
:It has long been thought that quadrupedal primates successfully occupy arboreal environments, in part, by relying on their grasping feet to control balance and propulsion, which frees their hands to test unstable branches and forage. If this interlimb decoupling of function is real, there should be discernible differences in forelimb versus hind limb musculoskeletal control, specifically in how manual and pedal digital flexor muscles are recruited to grasp during arboreal locomotion. New electromyography data from extrinsic flexor muscles in red ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) walking on a simulated arboreal substrate reveal that toe flexors are activated at relatively higher levels and for longer durations than finger flexors during stance phase. This demonstrates that the extremities of primates indeed have different functional roles during arboreal locomotion, with the feet emphasizing maintenance of secure grips. When this dichotomous muscle activity pattern between the forelimbs and hind limbs is coupled with other features of primate quadrupedal locomotion, including greater hind limb weight support and the use of diagonal-sequence footfall patterns, a complex suite of biomechanical characters emerges in primates that allow for the co-option of hands toward non-locomotor roles. Early selection for limb functional differentiation in primates probably aided the evolution of fine manipulation capabilities in the hands of bipedal humans.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Patel BA,Wallace IJ,Boyer DM,Granatosky MC,Larson SG,Stern JT Jrdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
79-84eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(15)00218-3journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The late Cenozoic climate of East Africa is punctuated by episodes of short, alternating periods of extreme wetness and aridity, superimposed on a regime of subdued moisture availability exhibiting a long-term drying trend. These periods of extreme climate variability appear to correlate with maxima in the 400-thousan...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.002
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.013
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylogenetic relationships of early Pleistocene Homo crania from the South African sites of Swartkrans and Sterkfontein were investigated through cladistic analyses of 99 morphological characters. The Swartkrans Member 1 specimen SK 847 and the Stw 53 cranium from Sterkfontein Member 5A were treated as separate op...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.10.012
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early hominid brain morphology is reassessed from endocasts of Australopithecus africanus and three species of Paranthropus, and new endocast reconstructions and cranial capacities are reported for four key specimens from the Paranthropus clade. The brain morphology of Australopithecus africanus appears more human lik...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.001
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.004
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.007
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.002
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.014
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.017
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.2001.0492
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.002
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.09.004
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0340
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Garcia et al. (2011) recently discussed early human dispersals into the Iberian Peninsula, describing several putative lithic artifacts (Martínez et al., 2010) recovered from layer 7 of the Vallpara díssection (Madurell-Malapeira et al., 2010) in Terrassa (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain). According to the auth...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 评论,新闻
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.005
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1997.0152
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.06.001
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.001
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genus Mesopithecus is well represented in the late Miocene of Greece by several recognized species. The present paper investigates functional aspects of the humeri of Mesopithecus delsoni/pentelicus, M. pentelicus and M. aff. pentelicus of several Turolian sites from central and northern Greece, using multivariate...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.05.007
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.2001.0486
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0307
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.02.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Western Cape region of South Africa is home to a unique type of mediterranean vegetation called fynbos, as well as some of the earliest sites of modern human occupation in southern Africa. Reconstructing the paleohabitats during occupations of these early anatomically modern Homo sapiens is important for understan...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.002
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.007
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interpretations of faunal assemblages from the late Miocene Mpesida Beds in the Tugen Hills of the Central Kenyan Rift Valley have figured prominently in discussions of faunal turnover and establishment of the modern East African communities. These faunal changes have important implications for the divergence of the h...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.2001.0503
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
