Abstract:
:The KNM-ER 64060 dentition derives from a horizon that most likely dates to between 2.02 and 2.03 Ma. A proximate series of postcranial bones (designated KNM-ER 64061) derives from the same siltstone unit and may be associated with the dentition, but their separation on the surface of the site leaves some room for doubt. KNM-ER 64060 is one of fewer than ten hominin specimens from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa that comprises a full or nearly complete mandibular dentition. Its taxonomic attribution is potentially significant, especially if the postcranial elements are related. At least three, and probably four hominin species, including Paranthropus boisei and Homo erectus (= H. ergaster), are known at about this time in East Africa. Other penecontemporaneous fossils have been referred to a single, highly variable species, H. habilis, or two taxa, namely H. habilis and H. rudolfensis. Although the weight of evidence supports the attribution of these specimens to two species, there is notable lack of agreement over the assignation of individual fossils. We take a conservative approach and group all such specimens under the designation "early Homo sp." for comparative purposes. KNM-ER 64060 is clearly attributable to Homo rather than Paranthropus. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that the affinities of KNM-ER 64060 are with fossils assigned to the early Homo sp. category rather than with H. erectus. This is indicated by the overall sizes of the KNM-ER 64060 canine, premolar and molar crowns, the size relationships of the P3 to P4, the relative narrowness of its premolar crowns, the cusp proportions of the M1 and especially those of the M2 and M3, and seemingly the possession of a two-rooted P4. Some of these comparisons suggest further that among the fossils comprising the early Homo sp. sample, the KNM-ER 64060 dentition exhibits greater overall similarity to specimens such as OH 7 and OH 16 that represent Homo habilis sensu stricto.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Grine FE,Leakey MG,Gathago PN,Brown FH,Mongle CS,Yang D,Jungers WL,Leakey LNdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-01 00:00:00pages
152-175eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(18)30220-3journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Several researchers have investigated, or commented on, the relative placement of the hominin mandibular fossa with regard to brain expansion and masticatory function. Two confounding factors are identified in this previous work. First, a number of different measurement techniques have been applied, confusing comparis...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.2002.0558
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strepsirrhine and haplorhine primates exhibit highly derived features of the visual system that distinguish them from most other mammals. Comparative data link the evolution of these visual specializations to the sequential acquisition of nocturnal visual predation in the primate stem lineage and diurnal visual predat...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.09.006
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasingly sophisticated hominin cognition is assumed to play an important role in major dispersal events but it is unclear what that role is. We present an agent-based model showing that there is a close relationship between level of foresight, environmental heterogeneity, and population dispersibility. We explore ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.004
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral studies indicate that adult mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei) are the most terrestrial of all nonhuman hominoids, but that infant mountain gorillas are much more arboreal. Here we examine ontogenetic changes in diaphyseal strength and length of the femur, tibia, humerus, radius, and ulna in 30 Virunga mo...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.008
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hollow Rock Shelter site in Western Cape Province, South Africa, was excavated in 1993 and 2008. This study presents new results from a technological analysis of Still Bay points and bifacial flakes from the site. The results show that Still Bay points from the site are standardized tools. The points in the assemb...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that functional adaptation of joint surfaces to mechanical loading occurs primarily through change in mass, density, and structure of subarticular trabeculae (the "articular constraint" model) is investigated through an analysis of directional asymmetry among three separate bone compartments in the huma...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.001
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); ho...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone surface modifications have become important indicators of hominin behavior and ecology at prehistoric archaeological sites. However, the method by which we identify and interpret these marks remains largely unchanged despite decades of research, relying on qualitative criteria and lacking standardization between ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.10.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to resolve long-standing issues surrounding the age of the Skhul early modern humans, new analyses have been conducted, including the dating of four well-provenanced fossils by ESR and U-series. If the Skhul burials took place within a relatively short time span, then the best age estimate lies between 100 an...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.04.006
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of invertebrates in the evolution of human diet has been under-studied by comparison with vertebrates and plants. This persists despite substantial knowledge of the importance of the 'other faunivory', especially insect-eating, in the daily lives of non-human primates and traditional human societies, especial...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.016
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively few remains of Late Pliocene hominids' knapping activities have been recovered to date, and these have seldom been studied in terms of manual dexterity and technical achievements. With regard to early hominid technological development, the evidence provided by the data from 2.34 Myr site of Lokalalei 2C (Ke...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.12.005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate vertebral formulae have long been investigated because of their link to locomotor behavior and overall body plan. Knowledge of the ancestral vertebral formulae in the hominoid tree of life is necessary to interpret the pattern of evolution among apes, and to critically evaluate the morphological adaptations in...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.012
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual dimorphism is an important component of the total variation seen in populations and plays a key role in taxonomic debates. In this study, microtomographic (microcomputed tomography) techniques were applied to a sample of hominin teeth from the Sima de los Huesos site (Spain). Dental tissue proportions of the pe...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102793
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This analysis investigates the ancestry of a single modern human specimen from Australia, WLH-50 (Thorne et al., in preparation; Webb, 1989). Evaluating its ancestry is important to our understanding of modern human origins in Australasia because the prevailing models of human origins make different predictions for th...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0384
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As early as the 1970s, Robinson defined lumbar vertebrae according to their zygapophyseal orientation. He identified six lumbar elements in fossil Sts 14 Australopithecus africanus, one more than is commonly present in modern humans. It is now generally inferred that the modal number of lumbar vertebrae for australopi...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.01.008
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The greatly diversified locomotor behaviors in the Hominoidea impose different mechanical requirements in the upper limb of each species. As forearm rotation has a major role in locomotion, the skeletal structures involved in this movement may display differences among taxa that reflect functional adaptations. To test...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.004
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excavations at Duinefontein (DFT) 2 near Cape Town, South Africa have recovered numerous stone artefacts and animal bones on an ancient surface sealed within iron-stained eolian sands. U-series analysis of an overlying calcrete places the sands before 150 ka ago, while the large mammal taxa imply an age between 400 an...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0307
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Damiao, Inner Mongolia, has three main fossil horizons representing the early, middle, and late Miocene. The middle Miocene locality DM01 is the only primate locality from the region and also represents the latest occurrence of pliopithecoids in northern China. The presence of pliopithecoid primates in central Asia af...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we present the first full anatomical description of the 3.67 million-year-old Australopithecus skull StW 573 that was recovered with its skeleton from the Sterkfontein Member 2 breccia in the Silberberg Grotto. Analysis demonstrates that it is most similar in multiple key morphological characters to a group of fo...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.005
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term male-female bonds and bi-parental investment in offspring are hallmarks of human society. A key question is how these traits evolved from the polygynandrously mating multimale multifemale society that likely characterized the Pan-Homo ancestor. In all three species of savanna baboons, lactating females form ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.09.003
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent success in the amplification of ancient DNA (aDNA) from fossil humans has led to calls for further tests to be carried out on similar material. However, there has been little systematic research on the survival of DNA in the fossil record, even though the environment of the fossil is known to be of paramount im...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00106-4
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The early Miocene catarrhine fossil record of East Africa represents a diverse and extensive adaptive radiation. It is well accepted that these taxa encompass a dietary range similar to extant hominoids, in addition to some potentially novel dietary behaviour. There have been numerous attempts to infer diet for these ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.007
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sample of Anapithecus from Rudabánya, Hungary, is remarkable in preserving a large number of immature individuals. We used perikymata counts, measurements of root length and cuspal enamel thickness, and observations of the sequence of tooth germs that cross match specific developmental stages in Anapithecus to con...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.008
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new species of Homo, Homo naledi, was described in 2015 based on the hominin skeletal remains from the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, South Africa. Subsequent craniodental comparative analyses, both phenetic and cladistic, served to support its taxonomic distinctiveness. Here we provide a new quant...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.05.007
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining accurate estimations of the body mass of fossil primates has always been a subject of interest in paleoanthropology because mass is an important determinant for so many other aspects of biology, ecology, and life history. This paper focuses on the issues involved in attempting to reconstruct the mass of two ...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.005
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment of the degree of similarity or difference between Neanderthals and modern humans in their patterns of dental development remains a controversial matter. Here we report results from the microtomographic-based (SR-microCT) high-resolution structural investigation of the maxilla and mandible of the Neander...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.002
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1938 Sangiran-3 has been considered a juvenile Pithecanthropus (Homo) erectus, and therefore, excluded from studies of adult H. erectus. Although morphological features align Sangiran-3 with H. erectus, its age designation rests on an unconvincing reconstruction of the occipital torus and lack o...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jhev.1997.0152
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of clavicular curvatures projected onto two perpendicular planes to decompose the three dimensional shape into cranial and dorsal primary curvatures has shown that two morphological groups of clavicle exist within the genus Homo. The first one includes all species from Homo habilis to Neandertals, while the...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.06.001
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palaeopathological studies of the middle Pleistocene cranium from Florisbad (Free State, South Africa) document the presence of extensive cortical lesions and areas of thinning, a widened medullary cavity with destruction of the diploë, orbital roof lesions, a benign ectocranial neoplasm, and evidence for alveolar des...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.003
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geological data from the Bura Hasuma region at Koobi Fora provide important constraints for estimating the ages of hominin fossils recovered there, including the cranium KNM-ER 1813. Strata of the upper Burgi, KBS, and Okote members in this part of Koobi Fora reflect three depositional regimes driven by changing paleo...
journal_title:Journal of human evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.007
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00