Primary Intracranial Epidermoid Carcinoma with Diffuse Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Report of Two Cases.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Malignant degeneration of epidermoid cyst (EC) with accompanying leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) at presentation is extremely rare. We add two cases to the literature, including the first case of primary brainstem involvement with simultaneous diffuse LC, and discuss clinical and radiological cues to differentiate benign and malignant epidermoid tumors for early diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION:The first patient in this report was a 54-year-old woman with recurrent aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus. Imaging revealed a prepontine and parapontine extra-axial EC with an intra-axial brainstem ring-enhancing cystic lesion, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, and intradural extramedullary nodular deposits throughout the spine. Surgical decompression of the cysts confirmed the diagnosis of invasive primary squamous cell carcinoma of the brainstem and benign epidermoid tumor of the cerebellopontine cistern. The second patient was a 37-year-old woman with extensive left-sided cranial neuropathies. Imaging revealed prepontine and parapontine enhancing and nonenhancing deposits along multiple cranial nerves and diffuse leptomeningeal nodular enhancement in the thoracolumbar spine. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of infiltrative, poorly differentiated carcinoma adjacent to a benign EC. Both patients underwent systemic screening to rule out metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS:These cases illustrate that a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of disseminated disease in cases of recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis. In cases of primary benign EC, aggressive resection should be attempted to reduce the risk of malignant degeneration. A separate biopsy specimen from the enhancing portion of the tumor is used to rule out an underlying coexisting malignancy. Multimodal management carries the best prognosis for primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma with LC.

journal_name

World Neurosurg

journal_title

World neurosurgery

authors

Raheja A,Eli IM,Bowers CA,Palmer CA,Couldwell WT

doi

10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.039

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-04-01 00:00:00

pages

692.e9-692.e16

eissn

1878-8750

issn

1878-8769

pii

S1878-8750(15)01594-6

journal_volume

88

pub_type

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