Abstract：
:Recently, several studies on the effects of a compound named "chromium malate," with the proposed formula "Cr2malate3·xH2O" where x = 3.5 or 5, on the health of healthy and diabetic rats have appeared. However, the compound is poorly characterized, and knowing the identity of this material could be important in the interpretation of the previous and of future studies on the effects of this compound in animals. Consequently, the synthesis, characterization, and identity of this material were explored. A combination of spectroscopic, magnetic, and elemental analyses and mass spectral studies reveal that the compound is probably a polymer, not a discrete molecule, and does not have the composition previously reported. The repeating unit of the polymer possesses an antiferromagnetically coupled trinuclear Cr(III) core. The current study suggests that previous reports on chromium malate and its effects in animals must be viewed with caution.
journal_name
Biol Trace Elem Resjournal_title
Biological trace element researchauthors
Smart M,Brown S,Tannehill H,Lockart M,Bowman MK,Vincent JBdoi
10.1007/s12011-017-1046-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
369-377issue
2eissn
0163-4984issn
1559-0720pii
10.1007/s12011-017-1046-7journal_volume
181pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Analyzing the concentrations of heavy metals in the sera of umbilical cord blood samples can provide useful information about prenatal exposure to environmental agents. An analytical method based on ICP-MS to simultaneously determine multiple elements in umbilical cord blood samples was developed for assessing the in ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-016-0853-6
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth, and reproduction. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of three Zn levels, including Zn adequate (35.94 mg/kg, as a control), Zn deficienc...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/BTER:107:2:153
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trace minerals zinc, copper, iron, and selenium are essential micronutrients, and because of their antioxidant activity, they are hypothesized to improve cardiovascular health. However, their associations with different risk levels for cardiovascular diseases are less clear. Data from the National Health and Nutri...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-019-01979-x
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) is a xerophyte plant that belongs to the Cactaceae family. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of cactus cladodes extract (CCE) on sodium dichromate-induced testis damage in adult male Wistar rats. For this purpose, CCE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-014-9969-8
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selenium concentrations in the blood of 112 (56 females and 56 males) normal subjects, from different regions of the Punjab (Pakistan), have been determined using the technique of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The whole blood selenium concentrations were found to be 452 ± 12 ppb (parts per billion or n...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-010-8867-y
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats to characterize the arsenic ("As")-induced alterations in neurobiochemistry in brain and its impact on neuropharmacological activities with or without the melatonin (MLT) as an antioxidant given exogenously. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to four groups of ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-018-1537-1
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urine is a clinical specimen often used in medical diagnostics for monitoring of elements concentrations and kidneys function. We determined the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in 74 samples of 24-h urine (from 46 women and 28 men). The measureme...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-010-8745-7
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicological literature is replete with studies attempting to explain the mechanism of action of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides to their anticholinesterase activities, but not much is known about the metabolism and detoxification of these compounds. The goal of this study was to ascertain the toxic effects of...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/BTER:74:2:171
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With reports of either no change or reduction of blood pressure, the relationship between selenium and blood pressure has not been clear. Normal Se values are not available for the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat or in the young and adult rat with various models of experimental hypertension. This study measured serum Se level...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02784001
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descriptions of the effects of paraquat (P2+) on the peroxidation of liver microsomes are very divergent. Therefore, the presence of ferric iron in the medium and the activity of microsomal mixed-function oxidase system are two factors that we have taken into consideration to explain the discrepancies. The results sho...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02790096
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zinc content in the hair of 654 children living in various rural and industrial areas in southern Poland was assayed by means of the atomic absorption spectrometry, following the dry digestion procedure. The hair of girls exhibited statistically significant higher level of Zn than the boys' hair, although in the s...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02790111
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nickel is an important kind of metal and a necessary trace element in people's production and livelihood; it is also a well-confirmed human carcinogen. In the past few years, researchers did a large number of studies about the molecular mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis, and they focused on activation of proto-oncog...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-013-9619-6
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indigenous preparations (IPs) have evoked a considerable interest in alleviating infections and chronic diseases and improving wellbeing. While such formulations have been a part of traditional practice in several countries and many have been reviewed scientifically for their claims, several of them until date remain ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-018-1411-1
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement and monitoring of magnesium (Mg) are important to prevent the development of serious and potentially fatal complications in critically ill patients. Although ion-selective electrodes are available and earlier reports suggest that free ionized magnesium (iMg2+) is the most useful test to estimate Mg status,...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/BTER:115:1:13
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium fructoborate (CFB) has been reported as supporting healthy inflammatory response. In this study, we assess the effects of CFB on blood parameters and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy subjects. This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received placebo or CFB at a dose of...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12011-014-0155-9
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the protective effect of garlic powder on cadmium-induced toxicity sea bass liver, juvenile fishes where maintained under three food diets (diet 1: normal without garlic supply, diet 2: 2% garlic powder; diet 3: 6% garlic powder). After 30 days of specific diets, each group was injected with 500 μg kg-1...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-017-1146-4
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium, phytic acid, polyphenols and fiber are major inhibitors of iron absorption and they could be found in excess in some diets, thereby altering or modifying the iron nutrition status. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium, tannic acid, phytic acid, and pectin over iron uptake, using an i...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-014-9911-0
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of Spirulina maxima supplementation on calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc status were studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 50 obese subjects with treated hypertension, each randomized to receive 2 g of spirulina or a placebo daily for 3 months. At baseline and after treatment, the calcium,...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12011-016-0623-5
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of nano-TiO2 (rutile) on the photochemical reaction of chloroplasts of spinach were studied. The results showed that when spinach was treated with 0.25% nano-TiO2, the Hill reaction, such as the reduction rate of FeCy, and the rate of evolution oxygen of chloroplasts was accelerated and noncyclic photophos...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/BTER:105:1-3:269
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selenium is known to be a neuroprotective agent in respect to a number of neuronal diseases and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the oral administration of selenium nanoparticles in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Forty adult female rats were randomly assigned to two equal ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-018-1371-5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this 42-day study was to examine the effect of dietary vanadium on the ileac T cells and contents of cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in broilers by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 420 one-day-old avian broilers...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-011-9274-8
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased incidence of cancer. It is well known that long periods of hemodialysis (HD) treatment are linked to DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation to CKD patients on HD on the prevention of oxidati...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12011-010-8776-0
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions of clinical laboratory parameters with trace elements in knee-joint effusions might turn out to be potential diagnostic tool, increasing our pathophysiological understanding and knowledge on knee-joint effusions. Thus, the 11 clinical laboratory parameters, total protein, albumin, glucose, lactate dehydro...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/BTER:79:2:139
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three different chromium forms as chromic chloride (CrCl), chromium picolinate (CrPic), and a newly synthesized complex of chromium chelated with small peptides (CrSP) on glucose uptake and metabolism in vitro. In cultured skeletal muscle cells, chromium augmented in...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-009-8357-2
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increase in hepatic iron concentration might exacerbate liver injury. However, it is unknown whether hepatic iron overload may exacerbate acute liver injury from various toxins. Therefore, we evaluated how manipulations to increase hepatic iron concentration affected the extent of acute liver injury from thioacetam...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-014-0110-9
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron bioavailability seems to be regulated by vitamin A (VA) but the molecular events involved in this mechanism are not well understood. It is also known that retinoids mediate most of their function via interaction with retinoid receptors, which act as ligand-activated transcription factors controlling the expressio...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-012-9397-6
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to reduce embryonic mortality, increase body weight, and improve immune system in chicken. A total of 240 eggs were assigned to three treatments (n = 60) and injected with cooper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) loaded by montmorillonite (Mnt), and one untreated group (n = 60). Some hormones and enzymes ...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-020-02488-y
更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc deficiency, which is common among Iranian populations, is believed to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of mood disorders such as depression in different stages of life. We have therefore investigated the relationship between serum/dietary zinc status and depression scores among adolescent girls li...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12011-018-1301-6
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gender differences are related to the manner in which the heart responds to chronic and acute stress conditions of physiological and pathological nature. Depending on dose, sodium selenite acts as an antioxidant proven to have beneficial effects in several pathological conditions G. Drasch, J. Schopfer, and G. N. Schr...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02698014
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Present study was undertaken to study the effect of 28-days exposure of female adult rats to cadmium (Cd) in drinking water @ 3, 10 and 30 parts per million (ppm) on myometrial responsiveness to different spasmogens and unravel the possible mechanism of alterations in myometrial activity. Cadmium and Ca2+ levels in bl...
journal_title：Biological trace element research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12011-017-1040-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
