Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated stimulation of retinal ganglion cell photoreceptors.

abstract：:A challenge for theories of general anesthesia is the existence of compounds predicted to be anesthetics but which, instead, do not produce anesthesia and often elicit other behavioral effects such as convulsions. This study focused on flurothyl (bis[2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl] ether), a potent volatile convulsant, and its...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Krasowski MD

更新日期：2000-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging studies of serotonin transporter binding or tryptophan retention in autistic patients suggest that the brain serotonin system is decreased. However, treatment with drugs which increase serotonin (5-HT) levels, specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly produce a worsening of the symptoms. In this...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Azmitia EC,Singh JS,Whitaker-Azmitia PM

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical studies have shown that the major psychoactive ingredient of Cannabis sativa Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has some analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain states. However, THC has a significant side effect profile. We examined whether the profile of THC could be improved by co-administering it with the first-...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Atwal N,Casey SL,Mitchell VA,Vaughan CW

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anticonvulsant phenytoin has been reported to block anoxia-induced losses of synaptic activity in the rat hippocampal slice and experimental ischemia-induced losses of synaptic activity in the guinea pig hippocampal slice. We examined phenytoin in our rat hippocampal slice model of experimental ischemia (anoxia +2...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Watson GB,Lanthorn TH

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-which uptakes glutamate into presynaptic vesicles-is a fundamental component of the glutamate neurotransmitter system. Although several lines of evidence from genetically modified mice suggest a possible association of VGLUT2 with neuropathic pain, the specific role of VGLUT2...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Zhang ZL,Yu G,Peng J,Wang HB,Li YL,Liang XN,Su RB,Gong ZH

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical studies have reported that the nicotinic receptor agonist varenicline improves balance and coordination in patients with several types of ataxia, but confirmation in an animal model has not been demonstrated. This study investigated whether varenicline and nicotine could attenuate the ataxia induced in rats f...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Wecker L,Engberg ME,Philpot RM,Lambert CS,Kang CW,Antilla JC,Bickford PC,Hudson CE,Zesiewicz TA,Rowell PP

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ketogenesis is a metabolic process wherein ketone bodies are produced from the breakdown of fatty acids. In humans, fatty acid catabolism results in the production of acetyl-CoA which can then be used to synthesize three ketone bodies: acetoacetate, acetone, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Ketogenesis occurs at a higher rate i...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Pflanz NC,Daszkowski AW,James KA,Mihic SJ

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of neurotrophic factors on apoptosis induced by ionomycin, a potent Ca2+ ionophore, was investigated using cultured cortical neurons from embryonic rats. Brain-derived neurotophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) prevented the ionomycin-mediated cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to t...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Takei N,Tanaka O,Endo Y,Lindholm D,Hatanaka H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its characterisation in 2001, the mGlu8-selective agonist DCPG has been widely used to explore the potential functional role of this group III mGlu receptor within the central nervous system. This research has implicated mGlu8 receptors in a number of disease states and conditions such as epilepsy and anxiety, s...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Mercier MS,Lodge D,Fang G,Nicolas CS,Collett VJ,Jane DE,Collingridge GL,Bortolotto ZA

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-type (Cav3) calcium channels play important roles in neuronal excitability, both in normal and pathological activities of the brain. In particular, they contribute to hyper-excitability disorders such as epilepsy. Here we have characterized the anticonvulsant properties of TTA-A2, a selective T-type channel blocker,...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Sakkaki S,Gangarossa G,Lerat B,Françon D,Forichon L,Chemin J,Valjent E,Lerner-Natoli M,Lory P

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway with dynamic interactions for eliminating damaged organelles and protein aggregates by lysosomal digestion. The EGFP-conjugated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (EGFP-LC3) serves to monitor autophagic process. Extracellular β-amyloid peptide accumulation ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Hung SY,Huang WP,Liou HC,Fu WM

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important CNS target sites of alcohols, but the site and mechanism of action of alcohols on NMDA receptors remains unclear. In CHO-K1 cells transfected with NR1/NR2B NMDA receptor subunits, ethanol inhibited NMDA-activated current with an IC(50) of 138 mM. Truncation of the in...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Peoples RW,Stewart RR

更新日期：2000-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effect of YM-39558, orotic acid ethylester, in a focal cerebral ischemia model in anesthetized cats. YM-39558 has good permeability across the blood brain barrier, and in the brain is hydrolyzed to orotic acid, the main active substance. Cats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Akiho H,Iwai A,Tsukamoto S,Koshiya K,Yamaguchi T

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using in vivo dialysis and voltammetry, the effect of acute administration of (-)-nicotine (0.8 mg/kg free base, s.c.) on extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid and ascorbic acid in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen of chloral hydrate-anaesthetised rats ha...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Brazell MP,Mitchell SN,Joseph MH,Gray JA

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remifentanil is commonly used clinically for perioperative pain relief, but it may induce postoperative hyperalgesia. Low doses of ketamine have remained a common choice in clinical practice, but the mechanisms of ketamine have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the possible effects of ketamine ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Qi F,Liu T,Zhang X,Gao X,Li Z,Chen L,Lin C,Wang L,Wang ZJ,Tang H,Chen Z

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sex, corticosterone and oestradiol-17 beta on the hypothermia and motor behavioural syndrome induced by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in the rat. The hypothermia, but not the behavioural syndrome induced by 8-OH-DPAT...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Young AH,Dow RC,Goodwin GM,Fink G

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The secreted glycoprotein Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown whether Dkk1 is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we discovered that Dkk1 was induced in MPP(+)-treated PC12 cel...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Dun Y,Yang Y,Xiong Z,Feng M,Zhang Y,Wang M,Xiang J,Li G,Ma R

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peristaltic reflex activity in the guinea-pig isolated ileum was elicited by slow intraluminal infusion of Tyrode solution. The reflex was abolished by the ganglionic blocking drug hexamethonium. However, in more than half of the preparations, the peristaltic reflex was restored by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Hexa...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Barthó L,Holzer P,Lembeck F

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BU99006 is an irreversible I(2) ligand which selectively inactivates I(2) binding sites, making it an ideal tool with which to study I(2) site mechanism. We sought to determine the effects of BU99006 on I(2) binding in relation to monoamine oxidase (MAO), and the time course of these effects. In vitro, rat brain membr...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Paterson LM,Tyacke RJ,Robinson ES,Nutt DJ,Hudson AL

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is associated with increased oxidative stress, although the source of this redox disequilibrium requires further study. Altered tryptophan metabolism has been described in schizophrenia, possibly linked to inflammation and glutamate-directed excitotoxicity. Social isolation rearing (SIR) in rats induces ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Möller M,Du Preez JL,Emsley R,Harvey BH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid beta-peptides (A beta) and neurofibrillary tangles which are surrounded by inflammatory cells. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces the risk of developing AD and delays the onset of the dise...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Hirohata M,Ono K,Naiki H,Yamada M

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels have a key role in the control of cellular excitability. HCN2, a subgroup of the HCN family channels, are heavily expressed in small dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and their activation seems to be important in the determination of pain intensity. In...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Resta F,Masi A,Sili M,Laurino A,Moroni F,Mannaioni G

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antagonist effects of the 4-carboxyphenylglycines: (S)-4-carboxy-3hydroxyphenylglycine (4C3HPG), (S)-4-carboxyphenylglycine (4CPG) and (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (M4CPG) were compared on functional responses of human metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtypes mGluR1 alpha and mGluR5a. These rece...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Kingston AE,Burnett JP,Mayne NG,Lodge D

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Putative kappa binding was investigated in homogenates of the brain of the rat using [3H]ethylketocylazocine and [3H]diprenorphine under conditions where mu and delta sites were blocked. Under blocked conditions, the binding of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine labelled a single site, as defined by kinetic and equilibrium anal...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Weyhenmeyer JA,Mack KJ

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification and characterization of amyloid-beta (Abeta) and tau as the main pathological substrates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have driven many efforts in search for suitable biomarkers for AD. In the last decade, research in this area has focused on developing a better understanding of the principles that go...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Tarawneh R,Holtzman DM

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine produces a motor-stimulant response in part by its actions within the mesolimbic dopamine system. Repeated exposure to cocaine induces an augmented motor activity response which is termed behavioral sensitization, or reverse tolerance. Previous studies have suggested that sensitization may result from increase...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Steketee JD

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracts of the skin of Pseudophryne coriacea displayed a powerful stimulant action on the leech helical muscle, both in vitro and in vivo. In the isolated dorsal muscle, the extract caused the appearance of vigorous phasic movements, accompanied by rapid increase in tonus, up to intense spasm. Hyoscine, physostigmine...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Falconieri Erspamer G,Farruggia G

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on the nicotinic cholinergic system function in the brain was previously mainly derived from animal studies, yet, research in humans is growing. Up to date, findings allow significant advances on the understanding of nicotinic cholinergic effects on human cognition, emotion and behavior using a range of funct...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Nees F

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious public health problem that results in tremendous social, legal and medical costs to society. Unlike other addictive drugs, there is no specific molecular target for ethanol (EtOH). Here, we report a novel molecular target that mediates EtOH effects at concentrations below those ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Gao F,Chen D,Ma X,Sudweeks S,Yorgason JT,Gao M,Turner D,Eaton JB,McIntosh JM,Lukas RJ,Whiteaker P,Chang Y,Steffensen SC,Wu J

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously we have reported that astrocytes deprived of glucose were highly vulnerable to peroxynitrite (Choi and Kim, J. Neurosci. Res. 54 (1998) 870; Neurosci. Lett. 256 (1988) 109; Ju et al., J. Neurochem. 74 (2000) 1989). Here we report that ciclopirox, which is clinically used as an anti-fungal agent, completely ...

journal_title：Neuropharmacology

authors： Choi JJ,Kong MY,Lee SJ,Kim HC,Ko KH,Kim WK

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00