Abstract：
:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the sensors of pathogen-associated molecules that trigger tailored innate immune intracellular signalling responses to initiate innate immune reactions. Data from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model indicates that TLR signalling machinery is a pivotal player in the development of murine EAE. To compound this, data from human studies indicate that complex interplay exists between TLR signalling and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Cannabis-based therapies are in clinical development for the management of a variety of medical conditions, including MS. In particular Sativex®, a combination of plant-derived cannabinoids, is an oromucosal spray with efficacy in MS patients, particularly those with neuropathic pain and spasticity. Despite this, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Sativex® in MS patients remains unclear. This review will highlight evidence that novel interplay exists between the TLR and cannabinoid systems, both centrally and peripherally, with relevance to the pathogenesis of MS. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Lipid Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the CNS'.
journal_name
Neuropharmacologyjournal_title
Neuropharmacologyauthors
Fitzpatrick JK,Downer EJdoi
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
618-626issue
Pt Beissn
0028-3908issn
1873-7064pii
S0028-3908(16)30145-9journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The inhibitory effects of 4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4-PTIQ) on methamphetamine-induced increases in dopamine and locomotion were investigated. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (10 micrograms) microinjected into the nucleus accumbens increased both locomotor activity and extracellular dopamine levels, measu...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90184-5
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of prostaglandin (PG) E(1) on NO neurotoxicity were examined using rat cultured spinal neurons. Rat cultured spinal neurons exposed to the NO donor, 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono) bis-ethanamine (NOC18), showed neurotoxic effects that were accompanied by apoptotic nuclear change, free radical generation, a...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00020-5
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Etomidate and propofol have clearly distinguishable effects on the central nervous system. However, studies in knock-in mice provided evidence that these agents produce anesthesia via largely overlapping molecular targets, namely GABA(A) receptors containing beta3 subunits. Here the authors address the question as to ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.014
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to the claim that lithium (Li+) reduces morphine self-administration in dependent rats, the effects of acute and chronic Li+ treatments on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome and physical dependence development to morphine in mice chronically treated with morphine, were evaluated. Morphine dependency was ind...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(94)00121-8
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remifentanil is a powerful mu-opioid (MOP) receptor agonist used in anaesthesia with a very short half-life. However, per-operative perfusion of remifentanil was shown to increase morphine consumption during post-operative period to relieve pain. In the present study, we aimed to describe the cellular mechanisms respo...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.010
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is widely used for patients with thromboembolic disease, and increasing evidence indicates that it can directly induce neurotoxicity independent of its thrombolysis property. Here, we aimed to confirm the long-term effect of rtPA on animal's behavior, and inves...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.039
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) plays an important role in the presynaptic control of glutamate release and several mGlu2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been under assessment for their potential as antipsychotics. The binding mode of mGlu2 PAMs is better characterized in functional terms whil...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.040
更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The modulation of insect behavior for the purpose of controlling the spread of infectious diseases has been the task of a few insect repellents for which the mechanistic modes of action on odorant receptors (ORs) are unclear. Here, we study the effects of the repellents DEET and IR3535, and a novel OR co-receptor (Orc...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium modulates the 5-HT3 receptor response by reducing peak current amplitude and increasing rates of activation, deactivation and desensitisation, but the binding site(s) and mechanism(s) of this modulation are unknown. Here we study residues that may be involved in calcium binding in two partially overlapping reg...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.009
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P2Y1 receptors mediate nerve mediated purinergic inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) and relaxations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a wide range of species including rodents and humans. A new P2Y1 antagonist, with a non-nucleotide structure, BPTU, has recently been described using X-ray crystallography as the ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.033
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vivo striatal binding of [3H]SCH 23390, an antagonist of the D1 dopamine receptors, was investigated in mice submitted to pretreatment to either decrease (gammabutyrolactone 750 mg/kg, i.p.) or, increase (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) 200 mg/kg i.p. plus dexamphetamine 4 mg/kg, s.c.) dopaminergic transmis...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(95)00187-5
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important CNS target sites of alcohols, but the site and mechanism of action of alcohols on NMDA receptors remains unclear. In CHO-K1 cells transfected with NR1/NR2B NMDA receptor subunits, ethanol inhibited NMDA-activated current with an IC(50) of 138 mM. Truncation of the in...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00067-8
更新日期：2000-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of drugs of abuse to increase mesolimbic levels of dopamine is a characteristic associated with their rewarding effects. Exactly how these effects are produced by different substances is not as well characterised. Our previous work in rats has demonstrated that accumbal glycine receptors (GlyRs) are involv...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.010
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tilia species are well known around the world for their properties in traditional medicine. Antinociceptive activity of hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts from Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences was evaluated in the pain-induced functional impairment model in rats (PIFIR). A preliminar 300 mg/kg dosage of...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.10.010
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of 0.13% lead acetate solution as drinking fluid to breeding mice was without significant effect on the numbers of live or dead births or on weight of pups at 1 day. The appearance of fur was delayed and the body weights at 21 days and 31-38 weeks were smaller than in controls. On weaning, the treated o...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(86)90036-5
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the novel antidepressant tianeptine on behaviours induced by the serotonin (5-HT) precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) were investigated. Tianeptine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated wet dog shakes (WDS) induced by 5-HTP...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90138-s
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The monosynaptic reflex (MSR), recorded in vitro from the neonatal rat spinal cord, was depressed by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT receptor agonists. The results, together with our previous findings, indicate an apparent rank order of potency: 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) > sumatriptan > methysergide > 5-HT > ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(94)90188-0
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral and electrophysiological comparative analyses of the effects of 2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N alpha-glycylglycinanilide hydrate (45-0088-S) and diazepam on the CNS were performed with cats and monkeys. No essential difference between 45-0088-S and diazepam on the effects in the CNS was observed, alt...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(82)90024-7
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weaver defect results in a loss of baclofen- and adenosine-gated K+ conductance in the hippocampus of adult homozygous (wv/wv) mice. In addition, suppression of hippocampal epileptiform activity by baclofen is impaired (Jarolimek, W., Bäurle, J., Misgeld, U., 1998. Pore mutation in a G protein-gated inwardly recti...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00089-1
更新日期：2000-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Amphetamine (AMPH) acts as a substrate of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and causes a dramatic increase in extracellular dopamine (DA). Upon entering DA neurons, AMPH promotes DA efflux via DAT through a mechanism implicating depletion of DA from vesicular stores, activation of kinase pathways and transporter phosphor...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.06.002
更新日期：2019-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Peristaltic reflex activity in the guinea-pig isolated ileum was elicited by slow intraluminal infusion of Tyrode solution. The reflex was abolished by the ganglionic blocking drug hexamethonium. However, in more than half of the preparations, the peristaltic reflex was restored by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Hexa...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(87)90018-9
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a group of inter-connected subnuclei that play critical roles in stress-reward interactions. An interesting feature of this brain region is the massive noradrenergic input that it receives. Important roles for norepinephrine in this region have been documented in a num...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.02.013
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) mostly affects motor neurons, but non-motor neural and cognitive alterations have been reported in ALS mouse models and patients. Here, we evaluated if time-dependent biphasic changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity occur in hippocampal synapses of ALS SOD1G93A mice. Recordi...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108106
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orexins are neuropeptides that are exclusively produced by hypothalamic neurons, which project throughout the entire brain. Orexin, also known as hypocretins, were initially identified to play a fundamental role in food intake, arousal and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Recent studies identified orexins to b...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.034
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Slow excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) have been reported in several neuronal subtypes, but their presence in hippocampal pyramidal neurons remains elusive. Here we find that in CA1 pyramidal neurons a slow EPSC is induced by repetitive stimulation w...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.028
更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic treatment with imipramine and reserpine increased fluoride-stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of cerebral cortex and "limbic" forebrain of the rat. Concomitant treatment with lithium counteracted this effect, while lithium alone had no effect on the activity of adenylate cyclase. ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(84)90253-3
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of in vivo administration of the alkylating agent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) on striatal and extrastriatal D-1 and D-2 dopamine (DA) receptors was investigated in the rat. N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline treatment reduced specific [3H]SCH 23390 (7-chloro-8-hydroxy-2...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(94)90170-8
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatty-acid ethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), is a naturally occurring lipid that regulates feeding and body weight [Rodriguez de Fonseca, F., Navarro, M., Gomez, R., Escuredo, L., Nava, F., Fu, J., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Giuffrida, A., LoVerme, J., Gaetani, S., Kathuria, S., Gall, C., Piomelli, D., 2001. An ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.02.013
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system mediates negative emotional states and considerable evidence suggests that KOR and their natural ligand, dynorphin, are involved in ethanol dependence and reward. The central amygdala (CeA) plays a major role in alcohol dependence and reinforcement. Dynorphin peptid...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.005
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-which uptakes glutamate into presynaptic vesicles-is a fundamental component of the glutamate neurotransmitter system. Although several lines of evidence from genetically modified mice suggest a possible association of VGLUT2 with neuropathic pain, the specific role of VGLUT2...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107869
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
