Abstract:
:Orexins are neuropeptides that are exclusively produced by hypothalamic neurons, which project throughout the entire brain. Orexin, also known as hypocretins, were initially identified to play a fundamental role in food intake, arousal and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Recent studies identified orexins to be critical for diverse physiological processes including motivation, reward, attention, emotional regulation, stress and anxiety. Here, I review recent findings that indicate orexin has an important role in acute and chronic stress. I also summarize the recent optogenetic and chemogenetic studies that have advanced our understanding of the orexin system. I will conclude by discussing clinical studies that implicate orexins in mental health disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
journal_name
Neuropharmacologyjournal_title
Neuropharmacologyauthors
Sargin Ddoi
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.034subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
68-78eissn
0028-3908issn
1873-7064pii
S0028-3908(18)30697-Xjournal_volume
154pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nitronyl nitroxides (NN) effectively decompose free radicals (. As brain endothelium, forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is both the main source and the target of reactive species during cerebral oxidative stress, we studied the effect of NN on brain endothelial cells injured by the mediator of oxidative stress H(...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00180-6
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GABAA receptor/chloride ionophore (GABAR) is allosterically modulated by several classes of anticonvulsant agents, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates, and some alkyl-substituted butyrolactones. To test the hypothesis that the anticonvulsant butyrolactones act at a distinct positive-modulatory site on the G...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(95)00180-8
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a recently described mouse tachykinin peptide whose biological functions are not fully understood. To date, a unique receptor for HK-1 has not been identified. Recent studies suggest HK-1 may have a role in immunological functions, but there has been little characterization of HK-1's effects in t...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00150-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zatosetron (13 mg or 0.19 mg/kg), a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist was studied with a 30 min infusion in a crossover double-blind placebo-controlled trial for acute migraine therapy. Groups receiving zatosetron and placebo were demographically similar and zatosetron was well-tolerated in all patients w...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90082-5
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the basal ganglia motor loop may increase cell excitability (Group I) or modulate neurotransmitter release (Group I, II and III). Nigrostriatal tract degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) produces downstream pathological disturbances in glutamate and GABA transmission. The...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00090-4
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to examine the possible involvement of both an anti-serotonin action and a catecholamine-stimulating action in the mechanism of the inhibition of the muricide in rats with lesions of the midbrain raphe. Serotonin antagonists, such as cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg), cinanserin (10 mg/kg) and p...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(88)90160-8
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are profound regulators of glutamate neurotransmission and behavior. To coordinate components of the limbic system, the dorsal and ventral striatum integrate cognitive and emotional information towards the execution of complex behaviors. Striatal outflow is conveyed by medium sp...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.026
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antidepressants such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) act as indirect agonists of serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Although these drugs produce a rapid blockade of serotonin transporters (SERTs) in vitro, several weeks of treatment are necessary to observe clinical benefits. This paradox has not been solve...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.001
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression and antidepressant drug action were shown to involve alterations in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission and expression of genes coding for proteins associated with neurotrophic signaling pathways and cell-survival in the hippocampus and cortex. Expression of these gene...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.06.016
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1-Methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-NH2-MPTP) causes long-term depletions in cortical and hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) that are accompanied by acute elevations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and argyrophilia. To further investigate the hypothesis that these cha...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.09.006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palatability driven feeding and voluntary physical activity are mediated by and influence similar neural mechanisms, notably through the actions of opioids within the nucleus accumbens. Recent studies suggest that access to a voluntary running wheel results in sex dependent behavioral and physiological adaptations rel...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.017
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The toxicity of Abeta aggregation is thought to contribute to clinical deficits including progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, Abeta peptide has become the focus of many therapeutic approaches for the treatment ...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.007
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study measured oxygen consumption and core body temperature following central injections of bombesin (1.0 microgram) in food-deprived rats. Oxygen consumption did not differ for bombesin- and control-injected rats while mean core body temperature decreased significantly following bombesin administrations. ...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(84)90060-1
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play several essential roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the brain. Their activation results in long-term changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in several brain areas, but excessive activation of these receptors induces neurotoxicity. Some of NMDA-mediated ac...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.03.025
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that intracerebroventricularly administered 2-arachidonoylglycerol elevated plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline by brain monoacylglycerol lipase- (MGL) and cyclooxygenase-mediated mechanisms in the rat. These results suggest that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is hydrolyzed by MGL to free arachidonic acid...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.005
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetraethylammonium (TEA) (2.6 x 10(-3) M) potentiated the twitches of the indirectly- or directly-stimulated phrenic nerve diaphragm of the rat at 37 degrees C by prolonging the action potential of the sarcolemma, due to an inhibition of the repolarizing K+ current. With indirect stimulation, TEA caused a use-dependen...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(89)90137-8
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of AMPA receptors in cochlear synaptic transmission and excitotoxicity was investigated by comparing the actions of a selective AMPA antagonist GYKI 53784 (LY303070) with additional AMPA/kainate antagonists, GYKI 52466 and DNQX, and the NMDA antagonist, D-AP5, in several electrophysiological, neurotoxicologic...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00069-1
更新日期:2000-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of chronic administration of the nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, phenelzine, and two selective inhibitors, clorgyline, and pargyline on adrenergic receptor binding and MAO activity were studied in the rat brain. Chronic but not acute administration of both phenelzine and the MAO-A inhibitor...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(82)90091-0
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of the study was to clarify the dose response for inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) by opicapone, a third generation COMT inhibitor, after acute and repeated administration to the cynomolgus monkey with pharmacokinetic evaluation at the higher dose. METHODS:Three cynomolgus monkeys...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.001
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::PDE10A is a newly identified phosphodiesterase that is highly expressed by the medium spiny projection neurons of the striatum. In order to investigate the physiological role of PDE10A in the central nervous system, PDE10A knockout mice (PDE10A(-/-)) were characterized both behaviorally and neurochemically. PDE10A(-/-...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.01.012
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study, using the in vivo intracerebral microdialysis method, investigated the role of different serotonin receptor subtypes in the control of dopamine (DA) release exerted by serotonin (5-HT) in the striatum of halothane-anesthetized rats. Striatal dialysate DA content was reduced following the blockade of...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)00145-i
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of specific dopamine (DA) receptor agonists and antagonists to modify the release and metabolism of DA in the ventrolateral striatum of awake rats was assessed using in vivo microdialysis. The specific DA D2 receptor antagonist, raclopride (0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), dose-dependently increased release ...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(91)90022-4
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) acts in brain by binding to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors (GBR) and to mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors (MBR). Because DBI acting at MBR, has been shown to be an effector of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis and stress is known to change the level of GBR and MBR, the model of acute n...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(11)80015-8
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dichlorvos is a synthetic insecticide that belongs to the family of chemically related organophosphate (OP) pesticides. It can be released into the environment as a major degradation product of other OPs, such as trichlorfon, naled, and metrifonate. Dichlorvos exerts its toxic effects in humans and animals by inhibiti...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.008
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxytocin (100 ng) injected unilaterally into the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus induces penile erection episodes, which started 30 min after treatment and were abolished by the prior injection of d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Me)(2)-Orn(8)-vasotocin (2 μg), an oxytocin receptor antagonist, into the ventral subiculum. Oxytocin-...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.026
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serotonergic system is known to modulate and mediate many of the central nervous system effects of stress. Here we investigated the ability of serotonergic agents to reverse the inhibition of the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) caused by prior exposure to inescapable stress. Elevated platform...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal hypoxia ischemia is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment in the newborn, associated with risk for motor, behavioral and cognitive impaired outcomes. We used an established mouse model of maternal hypoxia to examine the immediate molecular responses of signaling pathways associated with both cell dea...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.028
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were given daily injections of increasing doses of morphine sulfate (40-100 mg/kg, s.c.), for 4 days. Twenty hours after the last injection of morphine, the animals received bilateral injections of naloxone (1-10 micrograms) into the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area or sites 2 mm rostral, caudal or dorsal...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(89)90204-9
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The postsynaptic density (PSD) at inhibitory synapses is a complex molecular assembly that serves as a platform for the interaction of neurotransmitter receptors, scaffold and adapter proteins, cytoskeletal elements and signalling molecules. The stability of the PSD depends on a multiplicity of interactions linking in...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.008
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme activity was determined in a comprehensive selection of regions of the rat brain. The effects of lateral ventricular administration of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 30 micrograms) and its methyl ester (L-NAME, 3-100 micrograms) on NOS activity were examined in the ipsilateral and c...
journal_title:Neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3908(95)00036-6
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00