Abstract:
:Wogonin and baicalein are bioactive flavones in the popular Chinese herbal remedy Huang-Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi). These specialized flavones lack a 4'-hydroxyl group on the B ring (4'-deoxyflavones) and induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of human tumor cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo in different mouse tumor models. Root-specific flavones (RSFs) from Scutellaria have a variety of reported additional beneficial effects including antioxidant and antiviral properties. We describe the characterization of a new pathway for the synthesis of these compounds, in which pinocembrin (a 4'-deoxyflavanone) serves as a key intermediate. Although two genes encoding flavone synthase II (FNSII) are expressed in the roots of S. baicalensis, FNSII-1 has broad specificity for flavanones as substrates, whereas FNSII-2 is specific for pinocembrin. FNSII-2 is responsible for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyRSFs, such as chrysin and wogonin, wogonoside, baicalein, and baicalin, which are synthesized from chrysin. A gene encoding a cinnamic acid-specific coenzyme A ligase (SbCLL-7), which is highly expressed in roots, is required for the synthesis of RSFs by FNSII-2, as demonstrated by gene silencing. A specific isoform of chalcone synthase (SbCHS-2) that is highly expressed in roots producing RSFs is also required for the synthesis of chrysin. Our studies reveal a recently evolved pathway for biosynthesis of specific, bioactive 4'-deoxyflavones in the roots of S. baicalensis.
journal_name
Sci Advjournal_title
Science advancesauthors
Zhao Q,Zhang Y,Wang G,Hill L,Weng JK,Chen XY,Xue H,Martin Cdoi
10.1126/sciadv.1501780subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-08 00:00:00pages
e1501780issue
4issn
2375-2548pii
1501780journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Science Advances文献大全abstract::Organic matter burial in mangrove forests results in the removal and long-term storage of atmospheric CO2, so-called "blue carbon." However, some of this organic matter is metabolized and returned to the atmosphere as CH4. Because CH4 has a higher global warming potential than the CO2 fixed in the organic matter, it c...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao4985
更新日期:2018-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian retina system consists of a complicated photoreceptor structure, which exhibits extensive random synaptic connections. To study retinal development and degeneration, various experimental models have been used previously, but these models are often uncontrollable, are difficult to manipulate, and do not p...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aas9274
更新日期:2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Honeybees use the waggle dance to share information about food-site locations with nestmates. However, the importance of this behavior in colony foraging success remains unclear. We tested whether spatial dance information affects colony foraging success in a human-modified temperate environment by comparing colonies ...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat0450
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Achieving perovskite-based high-color purity blue-emitting light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is still challenging. Here, we report successful synthesis of a series of blue-emissive two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper phase single crystals and their high-color purity blue-emitting LED demonstrations. Although this approach su...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay4045
更新日期:2020-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the important roles that horses have played in human history, particularly in the spread of languages and cultures, and correspondingly intensive research on this topic, the origin of domestic horses remains elusive. Several domestication centers have been hypothesized, but most of these have been invalidated ...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb0030
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have shown great potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, their development is limited by a large Schottky barrier (SB) at the metal-semiconductor junction (MSJ), which is difficult to tune by using conventional metals because of the effect of strong Fermi ...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600069
更新日期:2016-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate caspase-11-dependent nonclassical inflammasome is intricately controlled to avoid excessive inflammatory responses. However, very little is known about the regulatory role of various metabolic pathways in the control of caspase-11 activation. Here, we demon...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav5562
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Driven by advances in materials and computer science, researchers are attempting to design systems where the computer and material are one and the same entity. Using theoretical and computational modeling, we design a hybrid material system that can autonomously transduce chemical, mechanical, and electrical energy to...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601114
更新日期:2016-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Smart materials that are capable of memorizing a temporary shape, and morph in response to a stimulus, have the potential to revolutionize medicine and robotics. Here, we introduce an innovative method to program protein hydrogels and to induce shape changes in aqueous solutions at room temperature. We demonstrate our...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba6112
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::V1-ATPase is an ATP-driven rotary motor that is composed of a ring-shaped A3B3 complex and a central DF shaft. The nucleotide-free A3B3 complex of Enterococcus hirae, composed of three identical A1B1 heterodimers, showed a unique asymmetrical structure, probably due to the strong binding of the N-terminal barrel domai...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau8149
更新日期:2019-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous genetic heart muscle disease characterized by hypertrophy with preserved or increased ejection fraction in the absence of secondary causes. However, recent studies have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of individuals with HCM also have comorbid diabetes me...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb3991
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Coherent interactions between electromagnetic and matter waves lie at the heart of quantum science and technology. However, the diffraction nature of light has limited the scalability of many atom-light-based quantum systems. We use the optical fields in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber to spatially split, reflect...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701723
更新日期:2018-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss, and there is no complete treatment available yet. Neuroinflammation is a common feature across neurodegenerative disorders and implicated in the progression of neurodegeneration. Dysregulated activation of microglia causes neuroinflammation and has b...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc1428
更新日期:2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems with robust responsiveness that has been validated in animal models, especially in large animal models, remain elusive. Here, we exploit a new strategy to form a micro-sized complex between a charge-switchable polymer with a glucose-sensing moiety and insulin driven by elect...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw4357
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::The geothermal heat flux is a critical thermal boundary condition that influences the melting, flow, and mass balance of ice sheets, but measurements of this parameter are difficult to make in ice-covered regions. We report the first direct measurement of geothermal heat flux into the base of the West Antarctic Ice Sh...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500093
更新日期:2015-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::The essence of turbulent flow is the conveyance of energy through the formation, interaction, and destruction of eddies over a wide range of spatial scales-from the largest scales where energy is injected down to the smallest scales where it is dissipated through viscosity. Currently, there is no mechanistic framework...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz2717
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum walks, in virtue of the coherent superposition and quantum interference, have exponential superiority over their classical counterpart in applications of quantum searching and quantum simulation. The quantum-enhanced power is highly related to the state space of quantum walks, which can be expanded by enlargin...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat3174
更新日期:2018-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugated polymer-polyelectrolyte blends combine and couple electronic semiconductor functionality with selective ionic transport, making them attractive as the active material in organic biosensors and bioelectronics, electrochromic displays, neuromorphic computing, and energy conversion and storage. Although extens...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao3659
更新日期:2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Slow slip events have been suggested to trigger subduction earthquakes. However, examples to date have been poorly recorded, occurring offshore, where data are sparse. Better understanding of slow slip events and their influence on subsequent earthquakes is critical for hazard forecasts. We analyze a well-recorded eve...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat8472
更新日期:2018-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::l-DOPA treatment for Parkinson's disease frequently leads to dyskinesias, the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. We used MALDI-MSI to map the distribution of l-DOPA and monoaminergic pathways in brains of dyskinetic and nondyskinetic primates. We report elevated levels of l-DOPA, and its metabolite 3-O-met...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe5948
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation with donor corneas is the mainstay for treating corneal blindness, but a severe worldwide shortage necessitates the development of other treatment options. Corneal perforation from infection or inflammation is sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. However, the resulting cytotoxicity requires transplantation....
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba2187
更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Many animals understand numbers at a basic level for use in essential tasks such as foraging, shoaling, and resource management. However, complex arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, using symbols and/or labeling have only been demonstrated in a limited number of nonhuman vertebrates. We show that ...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav0961
更新日期:2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Oocyte numbers, a critical determinant of female reproductive fitness, are highly regulated, yet the mechanisms underlying this regulation remain largely undefined. In the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad, RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling regulates oocyte numbers; mechanisms are unknown. We show t...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5580
更新日期:2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into complex superstructures offers notable opportunities to create functional devices and artificial materials with unusual properties. Anisotropic nanoparticles with nonspherical shapes, such as rods, plates, polyhedra, and multipods, enable the formation of a diverse range of...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701183
更新日期:2017-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors form natural "multiple quantum wells" that have strong spin-orbit coupling due to the heavy elements in their building blocks. This may lead to "Rashba splitting" close to the extrema in the electron bands. We have used a plethora o...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700704
更新日期:2017-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation is a fundamental property of sensory systems that can change subjective experiences in the context of recent information. Adaptation has been postulated to arise from recurrent circuit mechanisms or as a consequence of neuronally intrinsic suppression. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic suppression by...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd4205
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Earth's night sky continuously produces a faint chemiluminescence known as nightglow. Two prominent nighttime emissions around 90 km are the O2 Atmospheric and the OH Meinel band systems. Despite a plethora of studies since their identification seven decades ago, substantial gaps persist in our understanding of the me...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau9255
更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressant, but it is an ineffective stand-alone treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to poor target tissue distribution and renal toxicity. We hypothesized that CD71 (transferrin receptor 1)-directed delivery of CsA to the lymphatic system would improve SLE ou...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb3900
更新日期:2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Perforin-2 (MPEG1) is thought to enable the killing of invading microbes engulfed by macrophages and other phagocytes, forming pores in their membranes. Loss of perforin-2 renders individual phagocytes and whole organisms significantly more susceptible to bacterial pathogens. Here, we reveal the mechanism of perforin-...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax8286
更新日期:2020-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic actin networks develop from a first actin filament through branching by the Arp2/3 complex. At the surface of endosomes, the WASH complex activates the Arp2/3 complex and interacts with the capping protein for unclear reasons. Here, we show that the WASH complex interacts with dynactin and uncaps it through ...
journal_title:Science advances
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd5956
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00