Abstract：
:Sweet is widely considered to be one of a small number of basic or primary taste qualities. Liking for sweet tasting substances is innate, although postnatal experiences can shape responses. The power of sweet taste to induce consumption and to motivate behavior is profound, suggesting the importance of this sense for many species. Most investigators presume that the ability to identify sweet molecules through the sense of taste evolved to allow organisms to detect sources of readily available glucose from plants. Perhaps the best evidence supporting this presumption are recent discoveries in comparative biology demonstrating that species in the order Carnivora that do not consume plants also do not perceive sweet taste due to the pseudogenization of a component of the primary sweet taste receptor. However, arguing against this idea is the observation that the sweetness of a plant, or the amount of easily metabolizable sugars contained in the plant, provides little quantitative indication of the plant's energy or broadly conceived food value. Here it is suggested that the perceptual ratio of sweet taste to bitter taste (a signal for toxicity) may be a better gauge of a plant's broadly conceived food value than sweetness alone and that it is this ratio that helps guide selection or rejection of a potential plant food.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Beauchamp GKdoi
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
432-437issue
Pt Beissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(16)30222-0journal_volume
164pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Mast cells are a type of immune cell widely distributed in the body of vertebrates. Mast cells have many granules that contain several bioactive molecules such as histamine, and these molecules are released through degranulation when the mast cell receives certain stimuli. Because the number of mast cells increases du...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112681
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coordination and regulation of electrical signals across excitable cells is a complex, dynamic phenomenon requiring, in part, the interaction of ion channels with cellular constituents. The intracellular loops or domains of many ion channel subunits have been shown to specifically bind other cellular components th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00912-5
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use has been associated with a decline in various aspects of mnemonic function in humans. We therefore postulated that MDMA-induced damage of serotonergic nerve terminals would alter hippocampal processing. Seven days following treatment with MDMA (2 x 20 mg/kg sc, given 12 h a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00092-1
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have found that, under a wide variety of social circumstances, females are more likely than males to smile. The present article offers a theoretical explanation for this difference based on the premise that testosterone (along with other sex hormones) has evolved the tendency to alter brain functioning in ways...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.03.034
更新日期：2006-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Adequate energy intake is vital for the survival of humans and is regulated by complex homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Supported by functional MRI (fMRI) studies that consistently demonstrate differences in brain response as a function of weight status during exposure to appetizing food stimuli, it has been posite...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.025
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Wistar rats living in colonies of 4 males plus 4 females were compared to noncolony males, cohabitating with a female. Irreversible dominance relationships developed between one dominant male (D) and three subordinates (S). Dominants developed high basal testosterone levels and large preputial glands. Subordinate...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90078-g
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male Betta splendens were gonadectomized and tested twice for aggressive behavior two weeks later. In a mutual viewing test environment, it was found that gonadectomized animals maintained their aggressive behavior on all six indices of aggression at a level equal to controls. Animals that showed some testis reg...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(79)90139-2
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cephalic phase of digestion (CPD) has been extensively investigated in terms of digestion and metabolism. Nevertheless, microcirculatory changes required to prepare peripheral tissues in order to dispose nutrients have never been assessed. In this study, microvascular function has been evaluated to determine its b...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.004
更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe and evaluate behavioral models of binge-type eating. DATA IDENTIFICATION:Studies were identified using Medline and hand searches of bibliographies of identified articles. STUDY SELECTION:Isomorphic studies were selected that were judged to have some measure of construct validity. DATA EXTRACTION:...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.036
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of the opioid agonist, morphine (1 and 10 mg X kg-1), resulted in significant, dose-dependent increases in the ingestive responses of food-deprived slugs, Limax maximus, and in the initiation of feeding in satiated animals. These effects could be blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone (1 mg kg-1), w...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90045-3
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific areas of feline central gray (CG) modulate affective aggression elicited by hypothalamic stimulation and produce analgesia, possibly mediated by enkephalins. Despite correlations between opiates and aggressive behavior suggested previously, their relationship has not been clearly demonstrated. The goal of thi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(87)90209-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lean, preweanling Zucker rat pups increase neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in response to a 24-h deprivation of food, water, and maternal interaction as early as postnatal day 2 (P2). In this study, we examined if replacing nutritive or tactile aspects of maternal behavior to depriv...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00644-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Juvenile rainbow trout divergent in their cortisol response to confinement stress (HR: high responsive or LR: low responsive fish) were exposed to either 1 or 3 h of confinement stress. Untreated fish served as control. After the exposure blood and brain samples were collected. From the blood samples, the levels of co...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.02.009
更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuco-tucos from Anillaco (Ctenomys aff. knighti), are subterranean rodents that run vigorously on laboratory wheels during the night but are active during the day in semi-natural enclosures, where they surface for foraging and burrow maintenance, under intense sunlight. Several studies have shown that light causes opp...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112645
更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A longitudinal behavioral study was performed in mice exposed to the bovine brain phospholipid phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) from birth until sixty days. Examination of treated and control pups revealed no effect of the treatment on body weight nor on sensorimotor reflexes. At one and two months of age, when placed in an...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90090-q
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of opioid antagonists on seasonal changes in feeding behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during fall, winter, and summer, as well as in bottle-fed fawns are described. Naltrexone had no effect on the amount of milk ingested by bottle-fed fawns. After weaning naltrexone significantly decr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(85)90267-7
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bombesin, an analog to gastrin releasing peptide, has previously been shown to inhibit food intake in the rat. In order to further characterize the effects of bombesin on ingestive behavior, the present study examined licking patterns of rats drinking sweetened condensed milk following bombesin (4 micrograms/kg, IP) o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90384-r
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central effect of oxytocin (OT) on the aggressive behavior of lactating rats was studied. Female rats are more aggressive than nonlactating resident females, vigorously attacking conspecific intruder male or females. This behavior is considered important for pup protection against infanticide. The present work aim...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.05.002
更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Although olfactory and vomeronasal projections to the olfactory bulb and to the rest of the brain are quite distinct, it is not clear how the functions of these two chemosensory systems differ. In these experiments we attempted to determine the roles of the main olfactory and vomeronasal sensory systems in mediating s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90214-o
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous work demonstrated that androgens in the medial amygdala (MeA) of castrated male rats maintained noncontact erections (NCEs), which occur during exposure to an inaccessible receptive female, for one week after implantation. The present experiments investigated the effects of implantation into the MeA of ei...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.003
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parasagittal knife cuts through the perifornical hypothalamus either medial or lateral to the fornix produced hyperphagia and obesity and altered the rat's ingestive responses to dilute glucose solutions. The lateral knife cut rats drank less dilute glucose solution under both nondeprived and food deprived conditions ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(75)90280-2
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional effects on chick smooth and skeletal muscle of chronic administration of 60 mg kg-1 chloroquine or quinacrine given as daily intraperitoneal injections for 70 days have been investigated. Noradrenaline and potassium chloride (KCl) contracted the normal expansor secundariorum muscle, a smooth muscle from...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90088-j
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolonged consumption of ketogenic diets (KD) has reported neuroprotective benefits. Several studies suggest KD interventions could be useful in the management of neurological and developmental disorders. Alterations in the Engrailed (En) genes, specifically Engrailed 2 (En2), have neurodevelopmental consequences and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) increase food hoarding, but not food intake, after a fast. Because the physiological mechanisms underlying these changes in food hoarding are virtually unknown, we sought insight into these mechanisms by allowing hamsters to self-select their diet from food sources varying in macr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00167-5
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within 3-4 weeks after spinal transection, morphine-induced antinociception, assessed with the tail flick reflex in rats, is profoundly reduced. The cause of this decrement is unknown. The present studies were conducted to determine whether this phenomenon reflects a general loss in opiate activity or a selective decl...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00240-0
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared to male secondary sexual traits, the effect of testosterone (T) on female ornaments is understudied. In particular, it is unclear whether females experience different costs of T elevation than do males and how this affects the relationship between T and ornamentation in the two sexes. I experimentally and cor...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.003
更新日期：2006-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A possible role of endogenous opioids in male copulatory behavior was examined in six experiments which studied the effects of opiate antagonists on the copulatory behavior of male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). In Experiment 1, the acute administration of naloxone hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, SC) ten minutes before test...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90048-x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of ethanol on retrieval from long-term memory by using a set of cognitive decision tasks. Male and female subjects were administered either 0.0 or 1.0 milliliter of ethanol per kilogram of body weight, and then asked to make physical, lexical, and semantic decisions about pai...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90103-0
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on the male mating behavior of a line of chickens genetically selected for low mating frequency and to determine the effect on brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Mating behavior wa...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90315-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toddler's diarrhea may be an allergic disease and its recurrences can be avoided with education to "internal spontaneity" in feeding, i.e., by education to a limited and reproducible decrease in eating incentives at the onset of meals. Serum IgE was thus investigated in 16 experimental children in a random comparison ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90248-m
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
