Q&A: What are exosomes, exactly?

abstract：BACKGROUND:A dearth of laboratory tests to study actual human approach-avoidance behavior has complicated translational research on anxiety. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is the gold standard to assess approach-avoidance behavior in rodents. METHODS:Here, we translated the EPM to humans using mixed reality through a co...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Biedermann SV,Biedermann DG,Wenzlaff F,Kurjak T,Nouri S,Auer MK,Wiedemann K,Briken P,Haaker J,Lonsdorf TB,Fuss J

更新日期：2017-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sexual reproduction entails the encounter of the sexes and the multiplicity of rituals is parallel to the diversity of mating systems. Evolutionary mechanisms such as sexual selection and sexual conflict have led to the elaboration of traits to gain attention and favours from potential partners. A paradox ex...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Lassance JM,Löfstedt C

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rino Rappuoli is a graduate of Siena University, where he also earned his PhD before moving to the Sclavo Research Center, the Italian vaccine institute, also in Siena. He then spent two years in the USA, mostly at Harvard with John Murphy and Alwin Pappenheimer working on a new diphtheria vaccine based on a non-toxic...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Rappuoli R

更新日期：2014-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mate choice is of central importance to most animals, influencing population structure, speciation, and ultimately the survival of a species. Mating behavior of male brachionid rotifers is triggered by the product of a chemosensory gene, a glycoprotein on the body surface of females called the mate recogniti...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Snell TW,Shearer TL,Smith HA,Kubanek J,Gribble KE,Welch DB

更新日期：2009-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The elevated metabolic requirements of cancer cells reflect their rapid growth and proliferation and are met through mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that reprogram cellular processes. For example, in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-related tumors, the loss of TSC1/2 function causes constitutive mTOR...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Csibi A,Blenis J

更新日期：2011-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction is one of the non-motor features, where constipation is reported as the most common gastrointestinal symptom. Aromatic bacterial metabolites are attracti...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： van Kessel SP,de Jong HR,Winkel SL,van Leeuwen SS,Nelemans SA,Permentier H,Keshavarzian A,El Aidy S

更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Wolbachia are obligate endosymbiotic bacteria maternally transmitted through the egg cytoplasm that are responsible for several reproductive disorders in their insect hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in infected mosquitoes. Species in the Culex pipiens complex display an unusually high number ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Walker T,Klasson L,Sebaihia M,Sanders MJ,Thomson NR,Parkhill J,Sinkins SP

更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Root and tuber crops are a major food source in tropical Africa. Among these crops are several species in the monocotyledonous genus Dioscorea collectively known as yam, a staple tuber crop that contributes enormously to the subsistence and socio-cultural lives of millions of people, principally in West and ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Tamiru M,Natsume S,Takagi H,White B,Yaegashi H,Shimizu M,Yoshida K,Uemura A,Oikawa K,Abe A,Urasaki N,Matsumura H,Babil P,Yamanaka S,Matsumoto R,Muranaka S,Girma G,Lopez-Montes A,Gedil M,Bhattacharjee R,Abberton M

更新日期：2017-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thiazolidinediones are antidiabetic agents that increase insulin sensitivity but reduce glucose oxidation, state 3 respiration, and activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). The mechanisms of the latter effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms by wh...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： García-Ruiz I,Solís-Muñoz P,Fernández-Moreira D,Muñoz-Yagüe T,Solís-Herruzo JA

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Metazoan lineages exhibit a wide range of regenerative capabilities that vary among developmental stage and tissue type. The most robust regenerative abilities are apparent in the phyla Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, and Echinodermata, whose members are capable of whole-body regeneration (WBR). This phenomenon h...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Cary GA,Wolff A,Zueva O,Pattinato J,Hinman VF

更新日期：2019-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The study of microbial communities has been revolutionised in recent years by the widespread adoption of culture independent analytical techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics. One potential confounder of these sequence-based approaches is the presence of contamination in DNA extraction ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Salter SJ,Cox MJ,Turek EM,Calus ST,Cookson WO,Moffatt MF,Turner P,Parkhill J,Loman NJ,Walker AW

更新日期：2014-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A common symbiont of insects, the bacterium Wolbachia has been implicated in phenomena as diverse as sex determination, pathogen defence and speciation and is being used in public health programs to prevent mosquitoes transmitting disease. Despite decades of research, we know remarkably little about how it exerts its ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Jiggins FM

更新日期：2016-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors of this paper were interested to see whether the expression of three proteins (A, B and C) was altered in a knockout mouse model of a gene encoding Protein X. Each experiment measured the expression of a different protein and the results seem to show a clear increase in protein expression in the mutant mou...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Bell G

更新日期：2016-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has shaken our health care and economic systems, prompting re-evaluation of long-held views on how best to deliver care. This is especially the case for our global diagnostic strategy. While current laboratory-based centralized RT-qPCR will continue to serve as a gold standard diagnosti...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Matthews Q,da Silva SJR,Norouzi M,Pena LJ,Pardee K

更新日期：2020-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:O-fucosyltransferase1 (OFUT1) is a conserved ER protein essential for Notch signaling. OFUT1 glycosylates EGF domains, which can then be further modified by the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe. OFUT1 also possesses a chaperone activity that promotes the folding and secretion of Notch. Here, we investi...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Okajima T,Reddy B,Matsuda T,Irvine KD

更新日期：2008-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Origin of DNA replication is an enigma because the replicative DNA polymerases (DNAPs) are not homologous among the three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The homology between the archaeal replicative DNAP (PolD) and the large subunits of the universal RNA polymerase (RNAP) responsible for transcriptio...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Koonin EV,Krupovic M,Ishino S,Ishino Y

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reciprocal interactions between lung mesenchymal and epithelial cells play essential roles in lung organogenesis and homeostasis. Although the molecular markers and related animal models that target lung epithelial cells are relatively well studied, molecular markers of lung mesenchymal cells and the genetic...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Zhang W,Menke DB,Jiang M,Chen H,Warburton D,Turcatel G,Lu CH,Xu W,Luo Y,Shi W

更新日期：2013-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Collective neural crest cell migration is critical to the form and function of the vertebrate face and neck, distributing bone, cartilage, and nerve cells into peripheral targets that are intimately linked with head vasculature. The vasculature and neural crest structures are ultimately linked, but when and ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： McKinney MC,McLennan R,Kulesa PM

更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Archaeological studies have revealed a series of cultural changes around the Last Glacial Maximum in East Asia; whether these changes left any signatures in the gene pool of East Asians remains poorly indicated. To achieve deeper insights into the demographic history of modern humans in East Asia around the ...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Peng MS,Palanichamy MG,Yao YG,Mitra B,Cheng YT,Zhao M,Liu J,Wang HW,Pan H,Wang WZ,Zhang AM,Zhang W,Wang D,Zou Y,Yang Y,Chaudhuri TK,Kong QP,Zhang YP

更新日期：2011-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Analyzing and understanding the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes is at the heart of genetics. Research on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been instrumental for unraveling genotype-phenotype relations, and has important implications for understanding the biology of mammals, but almost all...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Volkers RJ,Snoek LB,Hubar CJ,Coopman R,Chen W,Yang W,Sterken MG,Schulenburg H,Braeckman BP,Kammenga JE

更新日期：2013-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Autophagy mediates lysosomal degradation of cytosolic components. Recent work has associated autophagic dysfunction with pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. To date, the identification of clinically-applicable drugs that modulate autophagy has been hampered by the lack of standardized a...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Hundeshagen P,Hamacher-Brady A,Eils R,Brady NR

更新日期：2011-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:mTOR signaling is an essential nutrient and energetic sensing pathway. Here we describe AIMTOR, a sensitive genetically encoded BRET (Bioluminescent Resonance Energy Transfer) biosensor to study mTOR activity in living cells. RESULTS:As a proof of principle, we show in both cell lines and primary cell cultu...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Bouquier N,Moutin E,Tintignac LA,Reverbel A,Jublanc E,Sinnreich M,Chastagnier Y,Averous J,Fafournoux P,Verpelli C,Boeckers T,Carnac G,Perroy J,Ollendorff V

更新日期：2020-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is rendering common bacterial infections untreatable. Wildlife can incorporate and disperse antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment, such as water systems, which in turn serve as reservoirs of resistance genes for human pathogens. Anthropogenic activity may contribute to the sp...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Marcelino VR,Wille M,Hurt AC,González-Acuña D,Klaassen M,Schlub TE,Eden JS,Shi M,Iredell JR,Sorrell TC,Holmes EC

更新日期：2019-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Few would argue that science is better done in silos, with no transparency or sharing of methods and resources. Yet scientists and scientific stakeholders (e.g., academic institutions, funding agencies, journals) alike continue to find themselves at a relative impasse in the implementation of open science practices, s...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Milham MP,Klein A

更新日期：2019-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The expansion of genome sequencing projects has produced accumulating evidence for lateral transfer of genes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. However, it remains controversial whether these genes are of functional importance in their recipient host. Nikoh and Nakabachi, in a recent paper in BMC Biology, tak...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Ros VI,Hurst GD

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Current interest in proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy has stimulated considerable research efforts to identify the molecular pathway to their cytotoxicity with a view to identifying the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance as well as informing the development of new drugs. Zhao and Vuori describe this month...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Chauhan D,Anderson KC

更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Conditional gene knockout (cKO) mediated by the Cre/LoxP system is indispensable for exploring gene functions in mice. However, a major limitation of this method is that gene KO is not reversible. A number of methods have been developed to overcome this, but each method has its own limitations. RESULTS:We d...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Chaiyachati BH,Kaundal RK,Zhao J,Wu J,Flavell R,Chi T

更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Because "laws of nature" do not exist in ecology, much of the foundations of community ecology rely on broad statistical generalisations. One of the strongest generalisations is the positive relationship between density and distribution within a given taxonomic assemblage; that is, locally abundant species a...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Päivinen J,Grapputo A,Kaitala V,Komonen A,Kotiaho JS,Saarinen K,Wahlberg N

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal olfactory systems detect volatile environmental chemicals and integrate this information to direct the discovery of food and mates as well as danger avoidance. Rather than remaining constant, olfactory response thresholds are modulated by internal and external cues to adapt odor-guided behaviors to ch...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Lee S,Kim YJ,Jones WD

更新日期：2017-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A genome-wide association study (GWAS) is the foremost strategy used for finding genes that control human diseases and agriculturally important traits, but it often reports false positives. In contrast, its complementary method, linkage analysis, provides direct genetic confirmation, but with limited resolut...

journal_title：BMC biology

authors： Li C,Li Y,Bradbury PJ,Wu X,Shi Y,Song Y,Zhang D,Rodgers-Melnick E,Buckler ES,Zhang Z,Li Y,Wang T

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00